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. 2022 Jun 13;12:9740. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13888-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of luseogliflozin on the mitochondrial morphology and NKX6.1 expression in the pancreatic beta-cells of 10-week-old db/db mice. (A) Images of pancreatic beta-cells from the control and luseo groups stained with Tom 20 (mitochondria, red), insulin (green), glucagon (white), and DAPI (nucleus, blue). Scale bars: 50 µm. (B) Mitochondrial area in the pancreatic beta-cells (n = 5). (C) Electron microscopic analysis of pancreatic beta-cells. Red arrowhead: swelling of mitochondria, red arrows: normal mitochondria. Scale bars: 2 µm. (D) Images of pancreatic beta-cells from the control and luseo groups, stained for NKX6.1 (red) and insulin (green). Scale bars: 50 µm. (E) Ratio of the number of NKX6.1 and insulin double-positive (co-staining) cells to the total number of insulin positive (beta) cells (%) (n = 5). Values are mean ± SD. P values were determined using Student’s t test. **P < 0.01.