Fig. 3. A catalytic reaction protocol toward the production of PC directly from a crude RCF mixture of beech, pine, and poplar lignocellulose.

Step 1: RCF of beech, pine, and poplar wood over Cu20-PMO catalyst to give crude aromatic bio-oil. The crude aromatic bio-oil was subjected to fractionation with EtOAc and washing with saturated NaHCO₃ and brine to give EtOAc extracts; Step 2: Catalytic funneling of EtOAc extracts to PC and other cyclohexane derivatives over Raney Ni/isopropanol. The yield was given based on lignin content. In this figure, only the volatile, monomeric products are displayed. More quantification, analysis, and characterization details can be found in Supplementary Note 2.5.