Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of 108 adult patients with minimal change disease stratified by serum albumin concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate.
| All | Serum albumin, g/dL | eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 1.50 | > 1.50 | < 60.0 | ≥ 60.0 | ||
| Number | 108 | 53 | 55 | 39 | 69 |
| Baseline characteristics at initiating IST | |||||
| Age, years† | 43 (30, 64) | 37 (26, 60) | 48 (33, 68) | 55 (35, 74) | 39 (27, 56) |
| 18–39 years, n (%)† | 49 (45.4) | 29 (54.7) | 20 (36.4) | 12 (30.8) | 37 (53.6) |
| 40–64 | 32 (29.6) | 13 (24.5) | 19 (34.5) | 12 (30.8) | 20 (29.0) |
| 65–81 | 27 (25.0) | 11 (20.8) | 16 (29.1) | 15 (38.5) | 12 (17.4) |
| Male, n (%) | 66 (61.1) | 35 (66.0) | 31 (56.4) | 26 (66.7) | 40 (58.0) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 4.2 | 24.2 ± 4.1 | 23.9 ± 4.3 | 25.5 ± 4.6 | 23.3 ± 4.5 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg† | 121 ± 16 | 120 ± 15 | 123 ± 16 | 122 ± 15 | 124 ± 18 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 73 ± 11 | 71 ± 11 | 74 ± 10 | 75 ± 11 | 72 ± 11 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL† | 0.87 (0.70, 1.24) | 0.96 (0.71, 1.25) | 0.84 (0.70, 1.22) | 1.38 (1.18, 2.18) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.87) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 67 ± 27 | 67 ± 25 | 67 ± 29 | 42 (24, 46) | 81 (72, 93) |
| < 30.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 11 (10.2) | 5 (9.4) | 6 (10.9) | 11 (28.2) | |
| 30.0–59.9 | 28 (25.9) | 15 (28.3) | 13 (23.6) | 28 (71.8) | |
| 60.0–89.9 | 48 (44.4) | 23 (43.4) | 25 (45.5) | 48 (69.6) | |
| ≥ 90.0 | 21 (19.4) | 10 (18.9) | 11 (20.0) | 21 (30.4) | |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.20 (1.10, 1.40) | 2.00 (1.80, 2.30) | 1.64 ± 0.52 | 1.69 ± 0.58 |
| ≤ 1.00 g/dL, N (%) | 12 (11.1) | 12 (22.6) | 3 (7.7) | 9 (13.0) | |
| 1.01–1.50 | 41 (38.0) | 41 (77.4) | 17 (43.6) | 24 (34.8) | |
| 1.51–2.00 | 28 (25.9) | 28 (50.9) | 10 (25.6) | 18 (26.1) | |
| > 2.00 | 27 (25.0) | 27 (49.1) | 9 (23.1) | 18 (26.1) | |
| Urinary protein, g/day or g/gCr† | 7.8 (5.1, 10.7) | 7.9 (5.3, 10.5) | 7.8 (5.0, 10.8) | 8.0 (5.0, 13.4) | 7.7 (5.3, 9.9) |
| Dipstick hematuria, − or ±, N (%)† | 48 (44.4) | 25 (47.2) | 23 (41.8) | 9 (23.1) | 39 (56.5) |
| 1+ | 20 (18.5) | 8 (15.1) | 12 (21.8) | 9 (23.1) | 11 (15.9) |
| ≥ 2+ | 40 (37.0) | 20 (37.7) | 20 (36.4) | 21 (53.8) | 19 (27.5) |
| RAS blockade, n (%)† | 15 (13.9) | 6 (11.3) | 9 (16.4) | 10 (25.6) | 5 (7.2) |
| Intravenous albumin administration, n (%)*† | 12 (11.1) | 2 (3.7) | 10 (18.2) | 8 (20.5) | 4 (5.8) |
| Use of immunosuppressive drugs within 1 month of IST | |||||
| Oral PSL, n (%) | 107 (99.1) | 53 (100.0) | 54 (98.2) | 39 (100.0) | 68 (98.6) |
| Intravenous mPSL, n (%) | 28 (25.9) | 15 (28.3) | 13 (23.6) | 14 (35.9) | 14 (20.3) |
| Cyclosporine, n (%) | 12 (11.1) | 4 (7.5) | 8 (14.5) | 5 (12.8) | 7 (10.1) |
| Rituximab, n (%) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) |
| Cumulative incidence of remission and relapse | |||||
| Remission, n (%) | 104 (96.3) | 52 (98.1) | 52 (94.5) | 38 (97.4) | 66 (95.7) |
| Remission within 6 months of IST, n (%)* | 97 (89.8) | 51 (96.2) | 46 (83.6) | 33 (84.6) | 64 (92.8) |
| Relapse after remission, n (%)‡ | 42 (43.3) | 24 (47.1) | 18 (39.1) | 15 (45.5) | 27 (42.2) |
Mean ± standard deviation; median (25%, 75%).
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, IST immunosuppressive therapy, mPSL methylprednisolone, PSL prednisolone, RAS renin-angiotensin system.
*P < 0.05 between ≤ 1.50 and > 1.50 g/dL of serum albumin concentration for the t test, the Wilcoxson rank-sum test, the chi-square test, or the Fisher’s exact test, as appropriately.
†P < 0.05 between < 60.0 and ≥ 60.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 of eGFR for the unpaired t test, the Wilcoxson rank-sum test, the chi-square test, or the Fisher’s exact test, as appropriately.
‡Cumulative incidence of relapse in 97 patients with remission within 6 months of IST.