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. 2022 Jun 13;12:9723. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13839-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of rGA733-Fc overexpression transgenic tomato fruits on colonic tumorigenesis in a colorectal cancer mouse model. rGA733-Fc overexpressing (rGA733-Fc^OX #16) transgenic tomato fruits were orally administered to C57BL/6J mice every other day for 4 weeks. The fruits of human-Fc overexpressing (h-Fc^OX #12) transgenic plants were used as a control for fruits of rGA733-Fc transgenic plants. The mice pre-treated with rGA733-Fc^OX or h-Fc^OX fruits were then injected subcutaneously with 1 × 10⁶ MC38 cells. Fecal extract and serum samples were obtained from mice at sacrifice at 14 days after MC38 cell injection. (a) The tumor volume was measured at the indicated time points by bilateral Vernier starting 14 days after MC38 cell injection. Data represent mean ± SEM (N = 3). (b) Levels of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG in fecal extracts and serum, respectively. IgA and IgG concentrations were measured by ELISA analysis. (c) Relative expression levels of genes involved in cell cycle arrest (p53 and p21), apoptosis (bax and bak), and chemokines (mcp1, ccl17, and ccl21). β-Actin was used as an internal control for normalization. Data represent mean ± SEM (N = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.