Figure 6.

The expression of AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1-GFP in CLas-infected periwinkle leaves

(A) More NPR1-GFP fluorescence was observed in CLas-infected periwinkle compared to healthy leaves 2 days after infiltrating. The green fluorescence was the fluorescence of NPR1-GFP. The red fluorescence was the autofluorescence of chlorophyll. Scale bars, 10 μm.

(B) CLas-infected periwinkle leaves were grafted on to healthy periwinkle. The symptom shown in the figure appeared 50 days after grafting.

(C) Statistical fluorescence comparison of NPR1-GFP fluorescence and chlorophyll autofluorescence changes in CLas-infected and healthy leaves mesophyll cells. NPR1-GFP fluorescence of the CLas-infected periwinkle leaves was stronger than healthy, and the chlorophyll autofluorescence was weaker. Data were represented as means ± SD from three repeats. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test (∗∗, p < 0.01).

(D) Quantitative analysis of NPR1-GFP fluorescence in confocal images. There was more fluorescence of NPR1-GFP in the mesophyll cells of the CLas-infected periwinkle leaves. Data were represented as means ± SD from three repeats. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test (∗∗, p < 0.01). Statistical graphs came from (A). ZEN software (Carl Zeiss) was used for the fluorescence intensity and quantitative analysis of NPR1-GFP fluorescence and chlorophyll autofluorescence.

(E) Relative expression levels of NPR1-GFP mRNA in healthy and CLas-infected periwinkle leaves after 2 days of infiltration. Data were represented as means ± SD from three biological repeats. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test (∗∗∗, p < 0.001).

(F) Western blot for NPR1-GFP in healthy and CLas-infected periwinkle leaves 2 days after infiltration. The molecular weight of NPR1-GFP was 93 kDa and the molecular weight of actin was 42 kDa.