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. 2022 May 29;25(6):104479. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104479

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© 2022 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1-GFP inhibited CLas in periwinkle leaves

(A) Top, mid, and bottom location of CLas-infected periwinkle leaf diagram.

(B) The CT value in top, mid, and bottom of CLas-infected periwinkle leaves was different. The accumulation of CLas in the lower half of a leaf was significantly higher. Data were represented as means ± SD from three repeats.

(C) Sampling diagram for studying the effects of infiltration of AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1-GFP (or other reagent solution) on CLas. Half of the CLas-infected periwinkle leaves were cut as a control immediately after infiltration, and the other half was cut 2 days later.

(D) The changes of CLas were measured 2 days after infiltrating AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1-GFP, and the infiltration of AuNPs-PEI-pGFP was used as a control. Data were represented as means ± SD from three biological repeats. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test (∗∗, p < 0.01).

(E) Changes in CT values in CLas-infected periwinkle leaves at different time points after AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1-GFP infiltration. There was a significant increase at day 7. Data were represented as means ± SD from three biological repeats. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test (∗∗∗, p < 0.001 and ns indicated no significant differences).

(F) Changes in CT values in CLas-infected periwinkle leaves at different time points after AuNPs-PEI-pGFP infiltration. As a control, the CT values in the lower half of the leaves were consistently significantly lower than those in the upper half. Data were represented as means ± SD from three biological repeats. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test (∗, p < 0.05; ∗∗, p < 0.01; ∗∗∗, p < 0.001).

(G) Relative expression levels of PR genes mRNA in CLas-infected periwinkle leaves after 2 days of infiltration. Leaves infiltrated with AuNPs-PEI-GFP were used as controls. Data were represented as means ± SD from three biological repeats. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test (∗∗∗, p < 0.001).

(H) Relative expression levels of ICS gene mRNA in CLas-infected periwinkle leaves after 2 days of infiltration. Leaves infiltrated with AuNPs-PEI-GFP were used as controls. Data were represented as means ± SD from three biological repeats. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test (∗∗∗, p < 0.001).