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. 2022 May 31;13:898775. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898775

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Copyright © 2022 Zheng, Chan, Charles, Richards, Sampath, Abu Bakar Ali, Leo and Yap.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A,B) The dependency of endocardial EF and mid-wall EF on (A) myocardial thickness ratio and (B) chamber dilation ratio, when strains at the mid-wall layer were fixed at either −0.12 or −0.16. (C–F) The complete dependency of (C,D) endocardial EF and (E,F) mid-wall EF on thickness ratio (four ratios from purple to yellow are 0.84, 1.00, 1.16 and 1.40), dilation ratio (four ratios from purple to yellow are 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4), and longitudinal and circumferential strains at the mid-wall layer.