Table 2.
Treatment effect of clinical trials regarding the application of Lactobacillus in improving symptoms of respiratory tract infections (RTIs).
| Lactobacillus strain | Subjects | Efficacy | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| L. rhamnosus GG | Premature infants | The reduction in the incidence of RTIs | (67) |
| L. casei Shirota | Healthy middle-aged working people | Reducing the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) | (68) |
| L. casei DN 114001 | Healthy school-age children | The reduction in the incidence and duration of RTIs | (69) |
| L. reuteri SD 112 | Infants | Reducing the rate and duration of RTIs | (70) |
| L. plantarum L-137 | Healthy subjects with high psychological stress | The reduction in the incidence of URTIs | (71) |
| L. plantarum DR7 | Adults | Improving clinical symptoms of URTIs | (14) |
| L. paracasei N1115 | Older Adults | Strengthening resistance of RTIs | (72) |
| L. fermentum CECT5716 | Infants | Reducing the incidence of URTIs | (73) |
| L. fermentum PCC | Athletes | The reduction in lower respiratory symptoms in men | (74) |
| L. salivarius | Athletes | No effect on the frequency of URTIs | (75) |
| L. helveticus Lafti L10 | Athletes | Shortening the duration of RTIs | (76) |
| Combination of L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus LC705, B. breve 99, P. freudenreichii JS | Children | Reducing the incidence of RTIs | (77) |
| Combination of L. paracasei, L. casei 431, L. fermentium PCC | Adults | Strengthening resistance of common cold and flu-like respiratory infections | (78) |
| Combination of L. acidophilus, B. lactis UABLA-12 | Children | Do not reduce the incidence, but shorten the duration of acute respiratory infections | (79) |
| Combination of L. gasseri PA16/8, B. longum SP07/3 | Adults | Reducing the duration of RTI episodes and fevers | (80) |
| Combination of B. longum, L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus | Patients with COVID-19 | The duration of diarrhea is shortened. Significantly shorter time to nucleic acid negativity and significantly lower inflammatory markers such as calcitoninogen and C-reactive protein | (81) |
| Combination of L. plantarum KABP022, KABP023, KAPB033, and P. acidilactici KABP021 | Patients with COVID-19 | The reduction in nasopharyngeal viral load, pulmonary infiltration, and duration of digestive and non-digestive symptoms. | (82) |