Table 2.
Preclinical transgenic models used to study human cancers caused by high-risk alpha genus HPVs.
| Virus | Protein expression | Cell type/tissue targeted | Other genes/cofactors incorporated in model | Disease development and anatomical site | Model Development References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPV16 | E6/E7 | α-crystallin (epithelial tissues) | None | Tumors: Ocular lens, SCC: Skin | [227,232] |
| HPV16 | E7 | interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) (retinal cells) | p53 deficiency | Apoptosis-induced retinal degeneration (p53-WT animals); photoreceptor tumors (p53-null animals) | [231] |
| HPV16 Early Region | Early region | K14+ cells | Estrogen, DMBA | SCC: Cervical [219], Penile [252] | [235] |
| HPV16 | E6 | K14+ cells | Estrogen | SCC: Cervical [258] | [237] |
| HPV16 | E7 | K14+ cells | Estrogen, 4NQO, DMBA | SCC: Cervical [223], Oral [308], Anal [254] | [238] |
| HPV16 | E7 | Conditional (tetracycline system) | K5-tTA, doxycyline | Cervical SCCs require continuous E7 expression | [267,268] |
| HPV16 | E6/E7 | K14+ cells | Estrogen, 4NQO, DMBA | SCC: Cervical [223], Oral [250], Anal [251] | [237,238] |
| HPV16 | E5 | K14+ cells | Estrogen, DMBA/TPA | SCC: Cervical [253], Skin [239] | [236] |
| HPV16 | E6/E7 | Conditional (Adeno-Cre) | Mutant Kras | SCC: Cervical | [270] |
| HPV18 | E6/E7 | K1+ cells | None | Verrucous lesions, papillomas: skin | [264] |
| HPV18 | E6/E7 | α-crystallin (epithelial tissues) | WT, mutant p53; WT pRb | Microphakia: ocular lens | [266] |
| HPV18 | B-globin | HPV18 URR | Estrogen, progesterone | Hormonal regulation of URR activity | [265] |
| HPV18 | E7 | K14+ cells | None | Cataracts of ocular lens | [263] |