Table 1.
Study characteristics – primary surgical outcomes and operative data.
| STUDY | Study Design | No. Patients | Mean Age (Std. Dev.) | Mean Follow-Up (months) | Complication Rate (%) | Durotomy Rate (%) | Recurrent Disc Herniation Rate (%) | Reoperation Rate (%) | Length of Surgery (mins) | Blood Loss (cc) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GENERAL ANESTHESIA | ||||||||||
| Gibson et al., 2017 [29] | RCT | 70 | 39 (9.0) | 24 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 65 | NA |
| Patil, et al., 2018 [30] | Retrospective | 300 | NA | 6 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 82 | NA |
| Song et al. 2021 [31] | Retrospective | 116 | 49 (10.9) | 36 | 12.1 | 1.7 | 6.0 | NA | 81.1 | 71.3 |
| Yoon et al., 2012 [32] | Prospective | 26 | 56.5 (NA) | 20 | 7.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 0.0 | 178.8 | 153.8 |
| Yang et al., 2021 [33] | Retrospective | 19 | 48.5 (12.1) | 24 | 10.5 | 5.3 | NA | NA | 65 | NA |
| Porto et al. 2021 [34] | Retrospective | 38 | 53.6 (16.3) | 7.7 | 2.6 | NA | 28.9 | 13.2 | 57.5 | NA |
| Liu et al., 2021 [35] | Retrospective | 60 | 53.4 (14.3) | 20 | 20.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 51.1 | 39.83 |
| Yu et al., 2021 [36] | Retrospective | 421 | 40.1 (12.4) | 31.7 | 12.8 | 1.4 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 69.4 | 45.2 |
| Ren et al., 2020 [37] | Prospective | 51 | 42 (11.6) | 36 | 9.8 | 0.0 | 7.8 | NA | 99.2 | NA |
| Liu et al., 2018 [38] | Retrospective | 63 | 33.1 (6.7) | 29.6 | 9.5 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 57 | 23 |
| Li et al. 2015 [39] | Retrospective | 30 | 37.8 (6.6) | 15.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 58.5 | NA |
| Kunert et al., 2010 [40] | Retrospective | 13 | 34 (10.0) | 21 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 78 | NA |
| Righesso et al., 2007 [41] | RCT | 21 | 42 (10.7) | 36.2 | 14.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 82.6 | 50 |
| Ranjan et al., 2006 [42] | Prospective | 107 | NA | 12.9 | 6.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 120 | NA |
| LOCAL ± EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA | ||||||||||
| Abudurexiti et al., 2018 [43] | Prospective | 134 | 36.3 (8.6) | 6 | 8.2 | 0.7 | NA | NA | 85.0 | 137.0 |
| Song et al., 2017 [44] | Case/Control | 30 | 53.6 (6.4) | 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 76.6 | 100.7 |
| Jing et al., 2021 [45] | Retrospective | 31 | 50.2 (9.4) | 24 | 19.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 | NA | 61.7 | 30.6 |
| Pang et al., 2020 [46] | Retrospective | 48 | 45.3 (6.4) | 6 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 2.1 | NA | 72.6 | 35.4 |
| Chen et al., 2020 [47] | RCT | 111 | 41 (10.8) | 24 | 9.9 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 100.2 | NA |
| Liu et al., 2010 [48] | Retrospective | 82 | 42.1 (10.2) | 77.04 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.4 | NA | NA |
| Zhou et al., 2009 [49] | Retrospective | 151 | 39 (NA) | 60 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | NA | NA |
| Wu et al., 2006 [50] | Retrospective | 873 | 41.5 (NA) | 28 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 56.0 | 44.0 |
| Chen et al., 2018 [51] | RCT | 73 | 40.7 (11.1) | 12 | 12.3 | 1.4 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 91.7 | NA |
RCT – randomized control trial