Table 2. Baseline characteristics of patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis according to responsiveness to the priming ChAdOx1 vaccination.
| Variables | Delayed respondera (n = 25) | Early responderb (n = 8) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 58.3 ± 9.0 | 58.8 ± 4.0 | 0.900 | |
| Sex (male), % | 14 (56) | 4 (50) | 1.000 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.6 ± 3.8 | 23.6 ± 5.8 | 0.851 | |
| SBP before initiation of HD, mmHg | 139.8 ± 25.2 | 142.9 ± 8.3 | 0.533 | |
| DBP before initiation of HD, mmHg | 68.4 ± 19.3 | 60.5 ± 12.0 | 0.407 | |
| Cause of end-stage renal disease | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (40) | 4 (50) | 0.695 | |
| Hypertension | 7 (28) | 2 (25) | 1.000 | |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 5 (20) | 0 | 0.302 | |
| Others | 3 (12) | 2 (25) | 0.574 | |
| Medical history | ||||
| Vintage, mon | 104.7 ± 85.6 | 175.0 ± 148.4 | 0.265 | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 3.4 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 0.808 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 9 (36) | 2 (25) | 0.681 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2 (8) | 1 (13) | 1.000 | |
| Mycophenolate mofetil user | 1 (4) | 1 (13) | 1.000 | |
| Breast cancer | 0 | 1 (13) | 0.250 | |
| ARB user | 15 (60) | 4 (50) | 0.695 | |
| CCB user | 10 (40) | 6 (75) | 0.220 | |
| β-blocker user | 13 (52) | 3 (38) | 0.688 | |
| α-blocker user | 1 (4) | 1 (13) | 0.432 | |
| Sulfonylurea user | 3 (12) | 1 (13) | 1.000 | |
| DPP-4 inhibitor user | 8 (32) | 3 (38) | 1.000 | |
| Statin user | 12 (48) | 6 (75) | 0.242 | |
| Steroid user | 4 (16) | 0 (0) | 0.550 | |
| Vitamin D user | 17 (68) | 3 (38) | 0.338 | |
| Ca-based P binder user | 1 | 0 | 1.000 | |
| Non-Ca-based P binder user | 22 (88) | 8 (100) | 0.560 | |
| ESA user | 23 (92) | 7 (88) | 0.456 | |
| Laboratory test | ||||
| White blood cell, 109/L | 5.6 ± 2.1 | 6.1 ± 2.3 | 0.677 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.0 ± 1.0 | 10.4 ± 0.8 | 0.209 | |
| Platelet, 103/μL | 154.0 ± 57.4 | 168.8 ± 47.1 | 0.467 | |
| Neutrophil, 109/L | 3.7 ± 1.5 | 3.9 ± 1.7 | 0.753 | |
| Lymphocyte, 109/L | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.240 | |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 136.3 ± 2.6 | 136.3 ± 1.8 | 0.967 | |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 0.371 | |
| Chloride, mmol/L | 99.0 ± 3.1 | 98.1 ± 2.6 | 0.544 | |
| Total CO2, mmol/L | 23.5 ± 2.7 | 24.1 ± 1.8 | 0.467 | |
| Total protein, g/dL | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | 0.876 | |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 0.539 | |
| Corrected calcium, mg/dL | 9.2 ± 0.8 | 8.6 ± 0.5 | 0.062 | |
| Phosphorus, mg/dL | 4.8 ± 1.5 | 4.9 ± 1.5 | 0.967 | |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 143.3 ± 53.0 | 125.4 ± 23.9 | 0.400 | |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 6.1 ± 0.4 | 1.000 | |
| Cr before initiation of HD, mg/dL | 10.5 ± 2.5 | 9.6 ± 1.9 | 0.396 | |
| BUN before initiation of HD, mg/dL | 63.2 ± 19.4 | 65.4 ± 14.3 | 0.647 | |
| Standard Kt/Vurea | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 0.384 | |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 0.900 | |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.677 | |
| Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L | 129.0 ± 78.6 | 138.3 ± 51.1 | 0.257 | |
| AST, IU/L | 21.4 ± 7.0 | 25.4 ± 23.3 | 0.418 | |
| ALT, IU/L | 15.6 ± 11.2 | 24.6 ± 35.9 | 0.867 | |
| γ-Glutamyl transferase, IU/L | 31.7 ± 55.7 | 31.1 ± 21.8 | 0.418 | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, IU/L | 189.1 ± 35.4 | 197.3 ± 26.2 | 0.791 | |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 128.9 ± 91.0 | 125.3 ± 79.7 | 0.917 | |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 44.2 ± 14.3 | 43.3 ± 19.2 | 0.647 | |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 60.7 ± 18.6 | 52.0 ± 8.1 | 0.209 | |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.6 ± 1.4 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.468 | |
| ESR, mm/h | 31.3 ± 19.0 | 35.5 ± 19.9 | 0.934 | |
| Intact PTH, pg/mL | 452.6 ± 390.4 | 323.9 ± 314.7 | 0.352 | |
| 25-hydroxy vitamin D, ng/mL | 19.5 ± 13.6 | 14.6 ± 4.8 | 0.395 | |
| β2-microglobulin, mg/L | 35.1 ± 7.3 | 34.1 ± 8.2 | 0.851 | |
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or frequencies (and proportions).
ChAdOx1 = ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 adenovirus-based vector vaccine, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, HD = hemodialysis, ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker, CCB = calcium channel blocker, DPP4 = dipeptidyl peptidase-4, ESA = erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, Cr = creatinine, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, CRP = C-reactive protein, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PTH = parathyroid hormone.
aDefined as a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody < 30% inhibition at 28th days after priming vaccination.
bDefined as a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody ≥ 30% inhibition at 28th days after priming vaccination.