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. 2022 May 31;10:890389. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.890389

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Copyright © 2022 Simpson, Spann and Phipps.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Exogenous HMGB1 and caspase inhibition induces necroptosis in hAECs. hAECs were pre-treated with a RAGE antagonist, zVAD and/or disulphide HMGB1 as indicated. Endpoints were assessed at 24 hpi. (A) dsDNA levels in the supernatant and quantification of PI positive hAECs. (B) Representative images (magnification ×40) and quantification of pRIP1K, pRIPK3 and pMLKL positive hAECs. Data are presented as dot plots with each data point representing one of 5 or 6 donors. Data are analyzed as a one-way ANOVA or mixed effects analysis and Sidhak’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, denotes significance between different treatment groups.