TABLE 6.
Effect of in ovo inclusion of Bacillus subtilis, raffinose, and their synbiotics on ileal morphology of 21-day-old broilers.
| Items (μm) | Treatment groups1 |
SEM | P-value | |||||||||
| NC | PC | BS1 | BS2 | R1 | R2 | BS1R1 | BS1R2 | BS2R1 | BS2R2 | |||
| Villus height | 717.48cd | 522.61e | 888.82ab | 760.30bc | 710.35cd | 915.98a | 607.11de | 700.38cd | 661.33cde | 896.25ab | 27.16 | < 0.001 |
| Villus width | 92.48 | 119.91 | 101.38 | 86.77 | 128.68 | 101.37 | 125.07 | 118 | 123.86 | 121.84 | 4.222 | 0.239 |
| Crypt depth | 87.03 | 65.58 | 85.8 | 102.7 | 69.73 | 93.81 | 117.33 | 81.86 | 91.5 | 120.4 | 4.713 | 0.121 |
| Muscularis thickness | 203.37b | 123.05c | 172.89bc | 182.31bc | 126.81c | 142.48c | 181.03bc | 201.74b | 220.17ab | 280.73a | 11.23 | 0.029 |
| Surface area (μm2) | 20705 | 19667 | 28505 | 20731 | 29091 | 29021 | 23553 | 26008 | 25729 | 34304 | 3224 | 0.083 |
Means in a row with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).
1NC, non-injected group; PC, sterile distilled water; BS1 = Bacillus subtilis 4 × 105/egg; BS2 = Bacillus subtilis 4 × 106/egg; R1, Raffinose 2 mg/egg; R2, Raffinose 3 mg/egg; BS1R1 = (Bacillus subtilis 4 × 105 + Raffinose 2 mg)/egg; BS1R2 = (Bacillus subtilis 4 × 105 + Raffinose 3 mg)/egg; BS2R1 = (Bacillus subtilis 4 × 106 + Raffinose 2 mg)/egg; BS2R2 = (Bacillus subtilis 4 × 106 + Raffinose 3 mg)/egg. SEM, standard error of means.