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. 2022 May 31;13:881708. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.881708

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Copyright © 2022 Hannawi, Ewees, Moore and Zweier.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Brain of SHRSP shows evidence of oxidative stress and decreased NO and NAD(P)H. Staining for NAD(P)H (A,B), superoxide (DHE + DAPI; (C,D) and nitric oxide (DAF + DAPI; (E,F) in WKY and SHRSP brains at 7 weeks and 24 weeks. Statistical comparisons were completed using Fisher’s LSD test post ANOVA. Significant differences consistent with lower NAD(P)H were seen in the brains of SHRSP compared to WKY and older rats compared to the young ones. Superoxide was significantly elevated in SHRSP compared to WKY at 7 and 24 weeks of age and NO was lower in SHRSP in comparison to WKY. No differences in superoxide and NO levels were detected according to age in WKY and SHRSP. DHE: Dihydroethidium; DAF: 4-amino-5-methylamino-2^’,7^’-Difluorofluorescein Diacetate; NAD(P)H: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; SHRSP: spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats, WKY: wistar-kyoto rats; ns: not statistically significant; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, ****:p < 0.0001. Data represent the means and standard errors.