Table 5.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression of prognostic factors of lung metastasis in pancreatic carcinoma patients.
| Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age | 1.016 (1.008–1.024) | <0.001 | 1.014 (1.005–1.023) | 0.002 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Reference | |||
| Black | 1.223 (0.940–1.590) | 0.133 | ||
| Other | 1.130 (0.846–1.511) | 0.408 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | |||
| Male | 1.232 (1.034–1.468) | 0.019 | ||
| Histological subtype | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma | Reference | Reference | ||
| Infiltrating duct carcinoma | 0.721 (0.541–0.960) | 0.025 | 0.929 (0.687–1.258) | 0.635 |
| Neuroendocrine carcinoma | 0.496 (0.330–0.745) | <0.001 | 0.385 (0.251–0.591) | <0.001 |
| Other | 0.998 (0.756–1.317) | 0.989 | 0.905 (0.671–1.220) | 0.513 |
| Grade | ||||
| Well-differentiated: I | Reference | Reference | ||
| Moderately differentiated: II | 1.256 (0.920–1.715) | 0.151 | 1.167 (0.840–1.621) | 0.359 |
| Poorly differentiated: III | 1.731 (1.282–2.335) | <0.001 | 1.649 (1.191–2.285) | 0.003 |
| Undifferentiated; anaplastic: IV | 1.992 (1.172–3.384) | 0.011 | 1.506 (0.864–2.624) | 0.148 |
| Primary site | ||||
| Head of pancreas | Reference | |||
| Body of pancreas | 1.115 (0.867–1.433) | 0.397 | ||
| Tail of pancreas | 1.396 (1.116–1.744) | 0.003 | ||
| Pancreatic duct | 1.326 (0.492–3.572) | 0.577 | ||
| Other specified parts of pancreas | 1.318 (0.542–3.209) | 0.542 | ||
| Overlapping lesion of pancreas | 1.280 (0.932–1.759) | 0.127 | ||
| Pancreas, NOS | 1.169 (0.823–1.659) | 0.383 | ||
| AJCC T stage | ||||
| T1 | Reference | |||
| T2 | 1.873 (1.097–3.197) | 0.021 | ||
| T3 | 1.424 (0.840–2.413) | 0.189 | ||
| T4 | 1.980 (1.155–3.393) | 0.013 | ||
| AJCC N stage | ||||
| N0 | Reference | |||
| N1 | 1.067 (0.894–1.272) | 0.474 | ||
| Surgery | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.446 (0.318–0.626) | <0.001 | 0.487 (0.334–0.710) | <0.001 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Yes | 0.911 (0.668–1.242) | 0.555 | ||
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.373 (0.311–0.447) | <0.001 | 0.291 (0.239–0.355) | <0.001 |
| Tumor size | 1.008 (1.004–1.012) | <0.001 | 1.007 (1.002–1.012) | 0.004 |
| Brain metastasis | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Yes | 1.523 (0.569–4.079) | 0.402 | ||
| Bone metastasis | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.280 (0.967–1.695) | 0.084 | 1.737 (1.290–2.339) | <0.001 |
| Liver metastasis | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.657 (1.386–1.980) | <0.001 | 1.321 (1.088–1.605) | 0.005 |