TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline (preimplantation) and at the follow‐up assessment for the total cohort and by insomnia categories at follow‐up assessment
| Total cohort (n = 132) | ISI category at follow‐up assessment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No or subthreshold insomnia a (n = 98) | Moderate or severe insomnia b (n = 34) | P‐value | ||
| Baseline | ||||
| Age, years | 56.0 | 57.0 | 53.5 | .507 |
| Male/female, n (%) | 107 (81.1)/25 (18.9) | 81 (82.7)/17 (17.3) | 26 (76.5)/8 (23.5) | .423 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.0 | 29.1 | 28.7 | .709 |
| ESS c | 14.0 | 13.0 | 15.5 | .002 |
| FOSQ d | 13.5 | 14.9 | 12.0 | .010 |
| AHI, events/h | 27.0 | 26.5 | 28.2 | .935 |
| ODI, events/h | 15.0 | 15.5 | 15.5 | .739 |
| Follow‐up | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.7 | 28.8 | 28.3 | .488 |
| Depression, n (%) | 45 (34.1) | 26 (26.5) | 19 (55.9) | .002 |
| Medication for depression/anxiety, n (%) | 24 (18.2) | 16 (16.3) | 8 (23.5) | .362 |
| ESS c | 8.0 | 7.0 | 11.5 | <.001 |
| ΔESS e | 5.0 | 6.0 | 3.5 | .002 |
| FOSQ d | 17.0 | 18.6 | 13.5 | <.001 |
| ΔFOSQ e | 3.3 | 4.5 | 1.5 | <.001 |
| ISI f | 8.5 | 6.0 | 18.5 | <.001 |
| AHI, events/h | 13.7 | 13.0 | 15.3 | .404 |
| ΔAHI e | 14.7 | 15.1 | 15.5 | .635 |
| ODI, events/h | 7.1 | 8.4 | 10.6 | .876 |
| ΔODI e | 6.6 | 6.6 | 9.5 | .272 |
| HNS usage, h/night | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.2 | .058 |
| Start delay, min | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | .299 |
| Overall satisfaction, n (%) | 111 (84.1) | 91 (92.9) | 20 (58.8) | <.001 |
Note: Data presented as medians unless indicated otherwise. Delta values have been calculated case by case. Therefore, median delta values are not reflected as the difference between median baseline and median follow‐up values. P values for comparisons between groups in bold text are below .05.
Abbreviations: AHI, Apnea Hypopnea Index; BMI, body mass index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; FOSQ, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire; HNS, hypoglossal nerve stimulation with respiratory sensing; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; ODI, Oxygen Desaturation Index.
ISI score 0–7 = no insomnia and 8–14 = subthreshold insomnia.
ISI score 15–21 = moderate insomnia and 22–28 = severe insomnia.
ESS scores range from 0.0 to 24.0; higher scores indicate more daytime sleepiness.
FOSQ scores range from 5.0 to 20.0; higher scores indicate better sleep‐related quality of life.
Change from baseline.
ISI score ranges from 0 to 28; higher score indicates more severe insomnia.