TABLE 1:
Maternal demographic and obstetrical characteristics by timing of gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis
| Maternal age (y) | 30.2±5.8 | 28.9±5.9 | .29 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 7 (23) | 6 (7) | .03 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 16 (53) | 40 (45) | |
| Hispanic | 7 (23) | 40 (45) | |
| Other | 0 | 3 (3) | |
| BMI at randomization (kg/m2) | 35.6 (33.0–48.0) | 36.0 (32.8–39.6) | .49 |
| Insurance type | |||
| Private | 1 (3) | 1 (1) | .17 |
| Medicaid | 23 (77) | 55 (63) | |
| None | 6 (20) | 31 (34) | |
| Married | 10 (33) | 30 (34) | .97 |
| High school education or greater | 20 (69) | 54 (66) | .76 |
| Nulliparous | 14 (47) | 29 (33) | .17 |
| Tobacco use during pregnancy | 11 (37) | 7 (8) | <.001 |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy | 6 (20) | 6 (7) | .07 |
| Illicit drug use during pregnancy | 2 (7) | 5 (6) | >.99 |
| Chronic hypertensiona | 8 (27) | 10 (11) | .07 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) at 14–20 wk | 5.6 (5.1–6.1) | 5.5 (5.2–5.8) | .25 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) at 24–28 wk | 5.3 (4.9–5.8) | 5.7 (5.3–6.0) | .08 |
| GTT results at time of GDM diagnosis | |||
| Fasting glucose | 105 (97–121) | 101 (95–109) | .11 |
| 1 h glucose | 191 (186–213) | 194 (181–205) | .84 |
| 2 h glucose | 178 (162–198) | 169 (157–186) | .22 |
| 3 h glucose | 117 (90–143) | 140 (125–149) | .14 |
| GDM type | .33 | ||
| A1 | 15 (50) | 53 (60) | |
| A2 | 15 (50) | 35 (40) | |
BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GTT, glucose tolerance test; HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets.
a
Pregnancy-induced hypertension includes gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, HELLP or eclampsia at time of hospital admission for delivery.
Champion. Early gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum glucose intolerance. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022.