Table 4.

- Possible risk factors associated with mono-drug, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

Variables	Mono-resistant	Multi-resistant	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P-value
Smoking
Yes	26	3	1.305	0.39-4.3	0.663
No	151	13	0.95	0.85-1.11
Gender
Female	77	8	1.5	0.69-1.93	0.616
Male	100	8	0.89	0.53-1.47
Nationality
Saudi	164	16	1.1	1.05-1.15	0.262
Non-Saudi	13	0
Creatinine
Normal	83	3	0.96	0.93-1.01	0.421
High	18	0
Alanine aminotransferase
Normal	124	5	0.96	0.93-0.99
High	26	0
AST
Normal	51	1	0.98	0.94-1.02	0.643
High	11	0
Total bilirubin
Normal	111	3	0.4	0.13-1.25	0.157
High	21	2	1.4	0.7-.9
Diabetes mellitus
Normal	91	3	0.65	0.21-1.99	0.488
High	32	2	1.23	0.6-2.5
HIV
Negative	177	15	12.8	7.87-20.8	0.001
Positive	0	1	0.078	0.05-0.13

^*p-value is considered significant for <0.05. AST: aspartate aminotransferase, HIV: human immune deficiency virus