TABLE 1.
Baseline clinical features.
| Characteristics | Training cohort (n = 19,102) | Validation cohort (n = 2,330) |
| Age, year | 59.06 ± 12.33 | 61.01 ± 13.06 |
| Age stratification, year | ||
| <50 | 4,106 (21.5%) | 477 (20.5%) |
| 50–59 | 5,478 (28.7%) | 477 (20.5%) |
| 60–69 | 5,497 (28.8%) | 732 (31.4%) |
| 70–79 | 3,298 (17.3%) | 487 (20.9%) |
| ≥80 | 723 (3.8%) | 157 (6.7%) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 10,925 (57.2%) | 1,368 (58.7%) |
| Female | 8,177 (42.8%) | 962 (41.3%) |
| T stagea | n = 3,180 | n = 545 |
| T1 | 80 (2.5%) | 27 (5.0%) |
| T2 | 359 (11.3%) | 118 (21.7%) |
| T3 | 1,090 (34.3%) | 204 (37.4%) |
| T4 | 1,650 (51.9%) | 196 (36.0%) |
| N stagea | n = 3,180 | n = 545 |
| N0 | 1,608 (50.6%) | 258 (47.3%) |
| N1 | 773 (24.3%) | 174 (31.9%) |
| N2 | 799 (25.1%) | 113 (20.7%) |
| Metastasis | ||
| M0 | 12,984 (68.0%) | 1,357 (58.2%) |
| M1a | 4,225 (22.1%) | 743 (31.9%) |
| M1b | 1,654 (8.7%) | 203 (8.7%) |
| M1c | 239 (1.3%) | 27 (1.2%) |
| Pleural effusion | 222 (1.2%) | 44 (1.9%) |
| Malignant ascites | 446 (2.3%) | 93 (4.0%) |
| CVCs | 4,148 (21.7%) | 739 (31.7%) |
| Hypertension | 2,614 (13.7%) | 383 (16.4%) |
| Diabetes | 1,282 (6.7%) | 219 (9.4%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 388 (2.0%) | 124 (5.3%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 34 (0.2%) | 92 (3.9%) |
| Heart failure | 108 (0.6%) | 114 (4.9%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 69 (0.4%) | 20 (0.9%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 789 (4.1%) | 118 (5.1%) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 120 (0.6%) | 48 (2.1%) |
| Pericardial effusion | 46 (0.2%) | 4 (0.2%) |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or No (%).
CVCs, cardiovascular comorbidities.
a3,725 patients had records of T stage and N stage.