TABLE 2.
Potential natural products for the treatment of PSD by anti-inflammation and modulating HPA axis.
| Studied Drugs | Mechanisms | Description of Study along with Doses | Studied Species | Behavioral Tests | Animal Models | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quercetin | Anti-inflammatory | After a surgical recovery period of 2 weeks, treatment with quercetin significantly prevented OBX-induced behavioral, biochemical, molecular and histopathological alterations | Adult male wistar rats | FST | OBX model | Rinwa et al., 2013 (Rinwa and Kumar, 2013) |
| Icariin | Improving the abnormalities in the HPA axis functions | Enhances antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity | Male wistar rats | Sucrose preference test (SPT) | CUMS model | Pan et al., 2007 (Pan et al., 2007) |
| Paeoniflorin | The modulation of the HPA axis and up-regulation of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems | Paeoniflorin treatment markedly increased sucrose consumption and decreased serum corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels in the CUS-treated rats | Male SD rats | SPT | CUMS model | Qiu et al., 2013 (Qiu et al., 2013) |
| Mitragynine | Acting on HPA axis | Mitragynine significantly reduced the immobility time of mice in both FST and TST without any significant effect on locomotor activity in OFT | Not application | FST, TST, and OFT | Acute stress model | Ldayu et al., 2011 (Idayu et al., 2011) |
| Total glycosides of peony | Mediated by modulating the functional status of HPA axis and increasing the expression of BDNF in brain tissues | Daily intragastric administration of total glycosides during the 6 weeks of CUMS significantly suppressed behavioral and biochemical changes induced by CUMS | Male ICR mice | FST | CUMS model | Mao et al., 2009 (Mao et al., 2009) |
| Ethanolic extract from Curcuma longa | Regulations of neurochemical and neuroendocrine systems, such as monoamine neurotransmitter levels, the HPA axis action | The ethanolic extract was found to reduce the duration of immobility in the mouse FST | Male ICR strain of mice | FST and OFT | Acute stress model | Xia et al., 2007 (Xia et al., 2007) |
| Aqueous extract of Camellia euphlebia (AEC) | Via modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain monoaminergic systems | Mice administered AEC showed significantly reduced immobility duration in FST and TST, whilst exhibiting no apparent changes in locomotor activity | Kunming (KM) mice and sprague-dawley (SD) rats | FST and TST | CUMS model | He et al., 2018 (He et al., 2018) |