TABLE 3.

Potential natural products for the treatment of PSD by modulating the central neuroplasticity.

Studied Drugs	Mechanisms	Description of Study along with Doses	Studied Species	Behavioral Tests	Animal Models	References
Sinisan	Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway	SNS protects neurons against corticosterone-induced injury by inhibiting autophagy through induction of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway	Sprague-dawley (SD) rats	NA	NA	Zhang et al., 2021 (Zhang et al., 2021b)
Angelica gigas extract	Possibly by modulating the central noradrenergic system and regulation of BDNF expression	Indicate the potential for Angelica gigas extract (AGN) to effectively treat Repeated injection of corticosterone (CORT)-related depression and anxiety-like symptoms, possibly via modulation of the central noradrenergic system and regulation of BDNF expression	Sprague-dawley (SD) rats	FST and OFT	Acute stress model	Lee et al., 2015 (Lee et al., 2015)
Ethanol Extract of Gardenia jasminoides	Via instant enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus	Ethanol Extract of Gardenia jasminoides has rapid antidepressant effects, which are associated with acutely increased expression of BDNF in the hippocampus	Kunming mice	TST and OFT	LH model	Zhang et al., 2015 (Zhang et al., 2015b)
Astilbin (AST)	Up-regulation of monoaminergic neurotransmitters (5-HT and DA) and activation of the BDNF signaling pathway	Chronic administration of AST reduced depressive-like behaviors of mice without affecting locomotor activity	Adult male C57BL/6 J mice	FST, TST, and OFT	CUMS model	LV et al., 2014 (Lv et al., 2014)
Hyperoside	Elevation the expression of BDNF and CREB through the signal pathway AC–cAMP–CREB.	Hyperoside attenuated the intracellular Ca2+ overloading in PC12 cells induced by corticosterone	Vitro model of PC12 cells	NA	NA	Zheng et al., 2012 (Zheng et al., 2012)
Baicalein	Stimulates the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression	Acute application of Bai significantly reduced the immobility time in the FST and TST of mice	Adult male kunming (KM) mice	FST, TST, and OFT	CUMS model	Xiong et al., 2011 (Xiong et al., 2011)
Albiflorin	Closely related to the hippocampal 5-HT/NE increase and BDNF expression	7 days treatment with albiflorin significantly decreased immobility time in FST and TST without alter the locomotor activity in mice	Male ICR mice	FST, TST, and OFT	CUMS model	Wang et al., 2016 (Wang et al., 2016)
Tetrandrine	Regulation of the central monoaminergic neurotransmitter system and the levels of BDNF.	Reduces immobility time in both the FST and TST	Male ICR mice	FST, TST, and OFT	CUMS model	Gao et al., 2013 (Gao et al., 2013)
Cannabidiol	Increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels	Cannabidiol induces dose-dependent antidepressant-like effects	Male swiss mice	FST	Acute stress model	Zanelati et al., 2010 (Zanelati et al., 2010)
Ginsenoside Rg1	Activation of the BDNF signalling pathway and up-regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis	Ginsenoside Rg1 exhibited antidepressant-like activity in the FST and TST in mice without affecting locomotor activity	Adult male C57BL/6 J mice	FST, TST, and OFT	CUMS model	Jiang et al., 2012 (Jiang et al., 2012)
Hyperforin	Acts on the cortical BDNF/TrkB pathway	Enhancing BDNF expression in the frontal cortex	Cortical neurons and male C57Bl6/J mice	NA	NA	Gibon et al., 2013 (Gibon et al., 2013)
Protopanaxadiol	Enhance the PI3 K/Akt/mTOR‐mediated BDNF/TrkB pathway	Protopanaxadiol (PPD) exerts antidepressant‐like effects in mice with CSDS‐ induced depression	Adult male C57BL/6 J and CD1 mice	FST and TST	CSDS model	Jiang et al., 2019 (Jiang et al., 2019)
Eugenol	Induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)	Eugenol has an antidepressant-like activity comparable to that of imipramine in the FST and TST	Male ddY mice	FST and TST	Acute stress model	Irie et al., 2004 (Irie et al., 2004)