Table 2.
Nutrient Intakes of T2D Patients According to Anti-Hyperglycemic Therapy
| n=199 | Reference Values | Metformin (Monotherapy) | Dual Therapy (Met+Glib & Met+Ins) | Triple Therapy (Met+Glib+Ins) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n= (%) | 90 (45) | 91 (46) | 18 (9) | ||
| Macronutrients | |||||
| Total energy (Kcal/d) | - | 1,575.3 ± 403.3 | 1,583.9 ± 452.5 | 1,659.7 ± 393.8 | 0.858 |
| Total CHO (%E/d) | 50–60 | 51.0 ± 9.6 | 49.1 ± 9.9 | 50.3 ± 9.2 | 0.448 |
| Sugar Total (g/d) | <25 | 59.7 ± 31.1 | 51.1 ± 28.9 | 60.6 ± 29.2 | 0.108 |
| Total protein (%E/d) | 15 | 17.7 ± 3.4 | 17.5 ± 2.9 | 17.4 ± 2.6 | 0.988 |
| Total fat (%E/d) | <30 | 30.8 ± 6.1 | 31.3 ± 6.4 | 31.0 ± 6.2 | 0.911 |
| SFA (%E/d) | <7 | 8.3 ± 2.4 | 8.5 ± 2.5 | 9.1 ± 2.6 | 0.706 |
| MUFA (%E/d) | 10–15 | 10.3 ± 2.8 | 10.0 ± 2.8 | 10.1 ± 2.5 | 0.519 |
| PUFA (%E/d) | >10 | 7.5 ± 2.5 | 7.7 ± 2.4 | 7.4 ± 2.5 | 0.872 |
| Dietary Chol (mg/d) | <200 | 245.8 ± 133.5 | 280.3 ± 174.2 | 268.5 ± 138.4 | 0.341 |
| Dietary Fiber (g/d) | >30 | 20.7 ± 7.1 | 19.7 ± 7.0 | 21.8 ± 6.0 | 0.564 |
| Micronutrients | |||||
| Sodium (g/d) | 2 | 1.4 ± 0.47 | 1.5 ± 0.63 | 1.5 ± 0.48 | 0.148 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 800 | 604.2 ± 236.3 | 618.0 ± 260.0 | 676.1 ± 251.2 | 0.545 |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 1800 | 2,491.6 ± 719.9 | 2,508.9 ± 733.8 | 2,585.4 ± 914.1 | 0.982 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 350 | 291.6 ± 86.7 | 291.7 ± 83.0 | 312.8 ± 94.6 | 0.718 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 15 | 8.5 ± 2.8 | 8.7 ± 4.4 | 9.0 ± 2.6 | 0.927 |
| Vitamin D (IU) | 400 | 136.9 ± 90.6 | 140.7 ± 92.0 | 168.3 ± 94.1 | 0.364 |
Notes: Values are presented as mean ± Standard deviations. The one-way ANOVA was the statistical approach. The variables of age and years with T2D were used to fit the analysis.
Abbreviations: Met, Metformin; Glib, Glibenclamide; Ins, Insulin; CHO, Carbohydrates; SFA, Saturated fatty acids; MUFA, Monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acids; chol, cholesterol; Kcal, kilocalories; d, day; mg, milligrams; g, grams.