Table 1.

Representative demographics of the patient cohort, along with preoperative valve characteristics

Age, y	64.1 ± 3.1
BMI	29.7 ± 1.5
Afib	36.4% (8)
HTN	77.3% (17)
DM	27.3% (6)
CKD	13.6% (3)
Previous Bentall	18.2% (4)
STS risk score	2.3% ± 0.2%
Median y after first AVR	8
Pre MG, mm Hg	38.8 ± 2.2
Pre PV, mm Hg	4.04 ± 0.12
AI (moderate or greater)	27.3% (6)

BMI, Body mass index; Afib, atrial fibrillation; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; AVR, aortic valve replacement; MG, mean gradient; PV, peak velocity; AI, aortic insufficiency.