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The effects of TNF-α on cellular targets.
| Targets | Experimental observations | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects | Time of treatment | Concentration | Type of cell tested | — | |
| I to | Current density: −23.4–65% Inactivation curve: Approximately 5.7 mV shift to the left | 48 h | 1–5 ng/ml | Ventricular myocyte (rat) | Fernández-Velasco et al. (2007) |
| I Kr | Current density: −33% | 10 h | 1 ng/ml | HEK293 | Wang et al. (2004) |
