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. 2022 May 30;10:833960. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.833960

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Copyright © 2022 Xu, Zhong, Jan, Song, Xiong, Luo, Dong, Ma and Stafford.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The association between myopia and puberty (menarche for girls and spermarche for boys) status by age in the 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014 CNSSCH. (A) Girls (unadjusted model). (B) Girls (adjusted model). (C) Boys (unadjusted model). (D) Boys (adjusted model). PR, prevalence ratio, represents the relative risk of myopia for post-menarche girls (or post-spermarche boys) compared to pre-menarche girls (or pre-spermarche boys). CNSSCH, Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitute and Health. The total sample sizes for girls and boys were 429,814 and 332,161, respectively. The unadjusted model only adjusted for the cluster effect of school. The adjusted model additionally adjusted for survey year, urban–rural location, regional socioeconomic status (SES) within province and provincial GDP per capita. The error bars represent 95% confidence intervals (CI).