Table 2.

A comprehensive overview of how CBD modulates the secretion of 11 cytokines and chemokines from monocytes activated through extracellular TLRs (3, 7, 8, and 9). Activation columns indicate whether there was a significant difference in cytokine secretion between unstimulated and TLR agonist treated monocytes. CBD effect columns denote whether cytokine production was modulated by CBD treatment, in addition to directionality and concentrations at which significant modulation was observed. (n = 6). Cytokine production below detection is denoted by “−”. Activation columns are denoted by Y (yes) if statistically significant change was observed upon agonist treatment, or N (no). CBD effect columns are denoted by concentrations where CBD produced statistically significant difference, or NE (no effect).

Cytokine	IL-4		IL-2		IP-10		IL-1β		TNFα
	Treatment	Activation	CBD effect	Activation	CBD effect	Activation	CBD effect	Activation	CBD effect	Activation	CBD effect
TLR 3	Y	NE	Y	NE	Y	↓5, 10	N	NE	N	NE
TLR 7	Y	NE	Y	NE	N	NE	Y	↓5	Y	↑10
TLR 8	—	—	Y	NE	Y	NE	Y	NE	Y	↑10
TLR 9	Y	NE	N	NE	Y	NE	N	↓0.5, 1, 5, 10	Y	NE
Cytokine	MCP-1		IL-6		IL-10		IL-12p70		IL-8
Treatment	Activation	CBD effect	Activation	CBD effect	Activation	CBD effect	Activation	CBD effect	Activation	CBD effect
TLR 3	Y	NE	N	NE	N	NE	Y	NE	N	NE
TLR 7	Y	NE	Y	↑10	N	NE	Y	NE	Y	NE
TLR 8	Y	NE	Y	↓0.5, 1, 5, 10	Y	↑10	Y	NE	N	NE
TLR 9	N	NE	Y	↓0.5, 1, 5, 10	N	NE	—	—	N	NE
Cytokine					TGF-β1
Treatment					Activation					CBD effect
TLR 3					Y					NE
TLR 7					Y					NE
TLR 8					Y					NE
TLR 9					Y					↓0.5, 1