Figure 2.

Monitoring and determining the urgency of left ventricle (LV) unloading in patients undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ¹Classification according to Fatkin D, Loupas T, Jacobs N, Feneley MP. Quantification of blood echogenicity: evaluation of a semiquantitative method of grading spontaneous echo contrast. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1995;21:1191-8. ²IVC diameter during inspiration (according to Whitson and Mayo. Crit Care 2016;20:227). ³IVC collapse during expiration (according to Whitson and Mayo. Crit Care 2016;20:227). ⁴Classified according to Ravin CE. Radiographic analysis of pulmonary vascular distribution: a review. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1983;59:728-43. Scvo₂, Central venous blood oxygen saturation; CVP, central venous pressure; AV, aortic valve; LA, left atria; IVC, inferior vena cava; bpm, beats per minute; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump. Modified with permission from Meani and colleagues.¹⁷