Table 1. Summary of themes and sub-themes in terms of the Health Belief Model.

HBM Concept	Themes	Sub-themes
Perceived susceptibility	Knowledge and perception of vaccination	1. Prevention is better than cure 2. Immunity 3. Negative perception on COVID-19
Perceived severity	Health effects of SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccines	1. The vulnerable group likely to get infections 2. Susceptible to vaccine side effects
Perceived benefits	Benefits of vaccination	1. Vaccines are safe and effective 2. Continue normal lifestyle as before COVID-19 pandemic
Perceived barriers	Barriers to getting vaccinated	1. Disbelief in new vaccines and new technology used     2. Lack of information about vaccine     3. Limited clinical trial data     4. Type of vaccine     5. COVID-19 mutation and multi-strain     6. Halal status     7. Global media     8. Stigma and skepticism on the vaccine agenda     9. Health self-belief     10. Belief in available treatment     11. Follow the current regulation and standard operating procedure (SOP) set by the government     12. Cost of COVID-19 vaccines
Cues to action	Cues for taking the vaccine	1. Individual desire 2. Social responsibility 3. Belief in an authorized health organization 4. Economic concerns 5. Not the anti-vaccine group 6. Priority for high-risk groups 7. Wait-and-see