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. 2022 May 30;9:869731. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.869731

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Copyright © 2022 Lorenz, Augustin, Konschake, Gehwolf, Henninger, Augustin and Öfner.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic transverse section of the abdomen with emphasis on the extraperitoneal spaces. The abdominal structures are separated from the musculoskeletal structures by the transversalis fascia (TF). The peritoneal cavity is delimited by the parietal peritoneum, which is the anterior border of the anterior pararenal space (APS) that contains the ascending (AC) and descending (DC) colon, pancreas (P), and duodenum (D). Posteriorly lies the perirenal space (PRS) with the kidney (K) and medially the aorta (A) and vena cava (V), delimited by the anterior renal fascia (anterior RF or Gerota’s fascia) and the posterior renal fascia (posterior RF or Zuckerkandl’s) and laterally the lateroconal fascia (LCF). Dorsally, the quadratus lumborum (QL) and psoas major (PS) muscles are found within the spine.