TABLE 1.
Physicochemical characteristics of native antimicrobial peptides and scorpion analogs.
| Scorpion | Native peptide | H | µH | Z | Analog peptide a | Residue substitution | H | µH | Z | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tityus stigmurus | Stigmurin FFSLIPSLVGGLISAFK-NH2 | 0.89 b | 0.57 | +2 | StigA6 FFSLIP K LV K GLISAFK-NH2 | Ser and Gly by Lys | 0.78 b | 0.66 | +3 | Parente et al. (2018) |
| StigA16 FF K LIP K LV K GLISAFK-NH2 | 0.72 b | 0.72 | +4 | |||||||
| StigA25 FFSLIPSLV KK LI K AFK-NH2 | Ser and Gly by Lys | 0.73 | 0.70 | +5 | Amorim-Carmo et al. (2019) | |||||
| StigA31 FF K LIP K LV KK LI K AFK-NH2 | Ser and Gly by Lys | 0.61 | 0.80 | +7 | ||||||
| Vaejovis mexicanus smithi | VmCT1 FLGALWNVAKSVF | 0.82 | 0.58 | +2 | [K] 3 -VmCT1-NH 2 FL K ALWNVAKSVF | Gly by Lys | 0.74 | 0.64 | +3 | Pedron et al. (2017) |
| [K] 7 -VmCT1-NH 2 FLGALW K VAKSVF | Asn by Lys | 0.79 | 0.60 | +3 | ||||||
| [K] 11 -VmCT1-NH 2 FLGALWNVAK K VF | Ser by Lys | 0.75 | 0.63 | +3 | ||||||
| [E] 4 -VmCT1-NH 2 FLG E LWNVAKSVF | Ala by Glu | 0.75 | 0.61 | +1 | ||||||
| [E] 7 -VmCT1-NH 2 FLGALW E VAKSVF | Asn by Glu | 0.82 | 0.58 | +1 | ||||||
| [W] 9 -VmCT1-NH 2 FLGALWNV W KSVF | Ala by Trp | 0.97 | 0.72 | +2 | ||||||
| [E] 4 [W] 9 -VmCT1-NH 2 FLG E LWNV W KSVF | Ala by Glu and Trp | 0.90 | 0.76 | +1 | ||||||
| Buthus martensii Karsh | BmKn2 FIGAIARLLSKIF-NH2 | 0.84 b | 0.76 b | +2 b | BmKn2K7 FIGAIA K LL K KIF-NH2 | Arg and Ser by Lys | 0.77 b | 0.80 b | +3 b | de la Salud Bea et al. (2015) |
| BmKn2L1 FIGA L ARL L SKIF-NH2 | Arg by Leu | 0.83 b | 0.75 b | +2 b | ||||||
| BmKn2V1 FIGA V ARL V SKIF-NH2 | Ile and Leu by Val | 0.76 b | 0.68 b | +2 b | ||||||
| BmKn2A1 FIGA A ARL A SKIF-NH2 | Ile and Leu by Ala | 0.62 b | 0.55 b | +2 b | ||||||
| BmKn1 FIGAVAGLLSKIF-NH2 | 0.87 b | 0.63 b | +1 b | BmKn1-6Lys FIGAV K GLLSKIF-NH2 | Ala by Lys | 0.77 b | 0.64 b | +2 b | ||
| BmKn1L2K2 F K GA L AGL L SK K F-NH2 | Ile and Val by Leu and Lys | 0.48 b | 0.35 b | +3 b | ||||||
| Androctonus amoeruxi | AamAP1 FLFSLIPHAIGGLISAFK-NH2 | 0.90 | 0.43 | +1 | AamAP-S1 FLFSLIP K AIGGLISAFK-NH2 | His by Lys | 0.84 b | 0.49 b | +2 b | Almaaytah et al. (2012) |
| A3 FLFSLI RK AIGGLISAFK | Pro and His by Arg and Lys | 0.74 | 0.51 | +3 | Almaaytah et al. (2018) | |||||
| AamAP1-Lysine FLF K LIP K AI KK LIS K FK | Ser, His, Gly, and Ala by Lys | 0.61 | 0.61 | +6 | Almaaytah et al. (2014) | |||||
| Opithancatus madagascariensis | IsCT1 ILGKIWEGIKSLF-NH2 | 0.78 b | 0.77 b | +1 b | IsCT1A1 ILGK A WEG A KSLF-NH2 | Ile by Lys | 0.55 b | 0.56 b | +1 b | de la Salud Bea et al. (2017) |
| IsCT1V1 ILGK V WEG V KSLF-NH2 | Ile by Val | 0.69 b | 0.69 b | +1 b | ||||||
| IsCT1L1 ILGK L WEG L KSLF-NH2 | Ile by Leu | 0.76 b | 0.76 b | +1 b | ||||||
| IsCT1K7 ILGKIW K GIKSLF-NH2 | Glu by Lys | 0.75 b | 0.80 b | +3 b | ||||||
| IsCT1E7 ILGKIWEGI E SLF-NH2 | Lys by Glu | 0.71 b | 0.76 b | −1 b | ||||||
| IsCT2 IFGAIWNGIKSLF | 0.89 b | 0.71 b | +1 b | IsCT2A1 ILGA A WNG A KSLF-NH2 | Ile by Ala | 0.65 b | 0.49 b | +1 b | ||
| IsCT2V1 ILGA V WNG V KSLF-NH2 | Ile by Val | 0.79 b | 0.62 b | +1 b | ||||||
| Tityus serrulatus | TsAP-1 FLSLIPSLVGGSISAFK-NH2 | 0.78 b | 0.43 | +2 | TsAP-S1 FLSLIPKLVKKIIKAFK-NH2 | Ser, Ile, and Gly by Lys | 0.66 b | 0.75 | +6 | Guo et al. (2013) |
| TsAP-2 FLGMIPGLIGGLISAFK- NH2 | 0.90 b | 0.51 | +2 | TsAP-S2 FLGMIP K LI KK LI K AFK-NH2 | Ser and Gly by Lys | 0.67 b | 0.73 | +6 | ||
| Heterometrus petersii | Hp1404 GILGKLWEGVKSIF-NH2 | 0.68 b | 0.67 | +1 | Hp1404-T1 ILGKLWEGVKSI-NH2 | Removal of Gly and Phe | 0.65 b | 0.69 | +1 | Kim et al. (2018) |
| Hp1404-T1a IL K KLWEGVKSI-NH2 | Gly by Lys | 0.58 b | 0.76 | +2 | ||||||
| Hp1404-T1b ILKKL L EGVKSI-NH2 | Trp by Leu | 0.52 b | 0.75 | +2 | ||||||
| Hp1404-T1c ILKKLL K GVKSI-NH2 | Glu by Lys | 0.49 b | 0.78 | +4 | ||||||
| Hp1404-T1d ILKKLLK K VKSI-NH2 | Gly by Lys | 0.41 b | 0.76 | +5 | ||||||
| Hp1404-T1e ILKKLLKKVK K I-NH2 | Ser by Lys | 0.33 b | 0.83 | +6 | ||||||
| Androctonus crassicauda | AcrAP1 FLFSLIPHAISGLISAFK | 0.90 | 0.43 | +2 | AcrAP1a FLF K LIP K AI K GLI K AFK | Ser and His by Lys | 0.68 | 0.64 | +6 | Du et al. (2014) |
| AcrAP2 FLFSLIPNAISGLLSAFK | 0.85 | 0.47 | +2 | AcrAP2a FLF K LIP K AI K GLL K AFK | Ser and Asn by Lys | 0.67 | 0.63 | +6 | ||
| Pandinus imperator | Pin2 FWGALAKGALKLIPSLFSSFSKKD | 0.54 b | 0.48 | +3 | Pin2 [G] FWGALAKGALKLI G SLFSSFSKKD | Pro by Gly | 0.51 b | 0.49 | +3 | Rodríguez et al. (2014) |
| Pin2 [GPG] FWGALAKGALKLI GPG SLFSSFSKKD | Addition and substitution of Pro, Ser, and Leu by Gly and Pro | 0.49 b | 0.28 | +3 | ||||||
| Androctonus aeneas | AaeAP1 FLFSLIPSVIAGLVSAIRN | 0.84 | 0.45 | +2 | AaeAP1a FLF K LIP KA I K GLV K AIR K | Ser, Ala, and Asn by Ala and Lys | 0.61 | 0.66 | +7 | Du et al. (2015) |
| AaeAP2 FLFSLIPSAIAGLVSAIRN | 0.80 | 0.42 | +2 | AaeAP2a FLF K LIP KV I K GLV K AIR K | Ser, Ala, and Asn by Val and Lys | 0.56 | 0.64 | +7 | ||
| Didymocentrus krausi | MK049518 FLGLLGSVLGSVLPSIFK-NH2 | 0.88 b | 0.46 b | +1 | S3K FLGLLG K VLG K VLP K IFK-NH2 | Ser by Lys | 0.72 b | 0.57 b | +4 | Li et al. (2020) |
| G2K–S3K FL K LL KK VL KK VLP K IFK-NH2 | Ser and Gly by Lys | 0.56 b | 0.62 b | +7 | ||||||
| Vejovis mexicanus and Hadrurus gertschi | Vejovine GIWSSIKNLASKAWNSDIGQSLRNKAAGAINKFVADKIGVTPSQAAS and Hadrurin GILDTIKSIASKVWNSKTVQDLKRKGINWVANKLGVSPQAA | 0,29 b and 0,32 b | 0,081 b and 0,13 b | +4 and +5 | Δ(A29) GILKTIKSIASKVANTVQ KLKRK AKNAV | Sequence combination | 0,17 | 0,50 | +8 | Sánchez-Vásquez et al. (2013) |
| Δ (K12-Q18; N26-A29) GILKTIKSIAS KLKRK AK | Sequence combination | 0,27 | 0,63 | +6 | ||||||
| K4N Δ (K12-Q18; N26-A29) GILNTIKSIAS KLKRK AK | Sequence combination | 0,29 | 0,61 | +5 |
H, hydrophobicity; µH, hydrophobicity moment; Z, net charge.
a
Modifications in analog peptides are marked in bold.
b
Not calculated by the authors of the studies (calculated here using the HeliQuest server).