TABLE 2.
Comparison of hemolytic and antimicrobial activities of native scorpion peptides and their analogs after modifications.
| Native peptide | Hemolytic activity a | MIC | Analog peptide | Hemolytic activity a (∼30%) | MIC | Strains | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stigmurin | 1.17% in 75 µM | >150; 9.3 and 37.5 µM | StigA6 | 30% in 75 µM | 4.6; 2.3 and 9.3 µM | E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively | Parente et al. (2018) |
| StigA16 | 30% in 75 µM | 2.3; 2.3 and 4.6 µM | |||||
| StigA25 | 30% in 18.8 µM | 2.3; 1.2 and 9.4 µM | E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively | Amorim-Carmo et al. (2019) | |||
| StigA31 | 30% in 18.8 µM | 1.2; 2.3 and 4.7 µM | |||||
| VmCT1 | Not calculated for 30% | 0.78; 3.12 and 12.5 µM | [K]3-VmCT1-NH2 | Not calculated for 30% | 0.39; 3.12 and 3.12 µM | P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively | Pedron et al. (2017) |
| [K]7-VmCT1-NH2 | Not calculated for 30% | 0.39; 1.56 and 1.56 µM | |||||
| [K]11-VmCT1-NH2 | Not calculated for 30% | 0.39; 1.56 and 1.56 µM | |||||
| [E]4-VmCT1-NH2 | Not calculated for 30% | 3.12; 50 and 50 µM | |||||
| [E]7-VmCT1-NH2 | Not calculated for 30%M | 0.78; 6.25 and 12.5 µM | |||||
| [W]9-VmCT1-NH2 | Not calculated for 30% | 0.78; 1.56 and 1.56 µM | |||||
| [E]4[W]9-VmCT1-NH2 | 1.6 µM | 3.12; 12.5 and 6.25 µM | |||||
| AamAP1 | ∼30% in 100 µM | 150; 20 and 64 µM | AamAP-S1 | ∼30% in 40 µM | 5; 3 and 5 µM | E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively | Almaaytah et al. (2012) |
| 20 µM | A3 | ∼30% in 40 µM | 5 µM | S. aureus | Almaaytah et al. (2018) | ||
| 20 and 150 µM | AamAP1-Lysine | ∼30% in 80 µM | 5 and 7.5 µM | S. aureus and E. coli, respectively | Almaaytah et al. (2014) | ||
| IsCT1 | 30% in ∼20 μg/ml | 50; >100 and 50 μg/ml | IsCT1A1 | ∼5% in 100 μg/ml | >100; >100 and >100 μg/ml | S. aureus, B. cereus, and E. coli, respectively | de la Salud Bea et al. (2017) |
| IsCT1V1 | ∼5% in 100 μg/ml | >100; >100 and >100 μg/ml | |||||
| IsCT1L1 | 30% in ∼20 μg/ml | 50; >100 and 50 | |||||
| IsCT1K7 | 30% in ∼30 μg/ml | 100; >100 and >100 μg/ml | |||||
| IsCT1E7 | 0% in 100 μg/ml | >100; >100 and >100 μg/ml | |||||
| IsCT2 | 30% in ∼20 μg/ml | 50; 100 and 50 μg/ml | IsCT2A1 | ∼5% in 100 μg/ml | >100; >100 and >100 μg/ml | ||
| IsCT2V1 | ∼20% in 100 μg/ml | >100; >100 and >100 μg/ml | |||||
| TsAP-1 | ∼5% in 160 µM | 120; 160 and 160 µM | TsAP-S1 | 30% in ∼6 µM | 2.5; 5 and 2.5 µM | S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively | Guo et al. (2013) |
| TsAP-2 | 30% in ∼30 µM | 5; >320 and 10 µM | TsAP-S2 | 30% in ∼6 µM | 5; 5 and 2.5 µM | ||
| Hp1404 | 30% in ∼40 µM | 12.5 µM | Hp1404-T1 | N/C | >25 µM | P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | Kim et al. (2018) |
| Hp1404-T1a | N/C | >25 µM | |||||
| Hp1404-T1b | N/C | >25 µM | |||||
| Hp1404-T1c | N/C | 3.13 µM | |||||
| Hp1404-T1d | N/C | 1.56 µM | |||||
| Hp1404-T1e | 0% in 200 µM | 1.56 µM | |||||
| AcrAP1 | Not calculated for 30% | 8; >250 and 16 µM | AcrAP1a | Not calculated for 30% | 4; 8 and 4 µM | S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively | Du et al. (2014) |
| AcrAP2 | Not calculated for 30% | 8; >250 and 16 µM | AcrAP2a | Not calculated for 30% | 4; 8 and 4 µM | ||
| Pin2 | 30% in ∼5 µM | 18.8 and 37.5 µM | Pin2 [G] | 30% in ∼2 µM | 12.5 and 12.5 µM | E. coli and S. aureus, respectively | Rodríguez et al. (2014) |
| Pin2 [GPG] | 30% in ∼25 µM | 25 and 25 µM | |||||
| AaeAP1 | Not calculated for 30% | 16; >512 and 32 mg/L | AaeAP1a | Not calculated for 30% | 4; 16 and 4 mg/L | S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively | Du et al. (2015) |
| AaeAP2 | Not calculated for 30% | 16; >512 and 32 mg/L | AaeAP2a | Not calculated for 30% | 4; 1 and 4 mg/L | ||
| MK049518 | Not calculated | 6.7; >54.1 and >54.1 µM | S3K | Not calculated | 1.5; 12.6 and 12.6 µM | S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, respectively | Li et al. (2020) |
| G2K–S3K | Not calculated | 1.4; 2.8 and 5.7 µM |
a
30% of hemolysis was considered the maximum acceptable limit.