Figure 1.

Risk factors for CDI development in patients with cirrhosis. The risk factors for the development of CDI in patients with cirrhosis have been described in different studies. In general, they can be divided into several categories: namely medications (PPIs, antibiotics, etc.), severity and etiology of cirrhosis (Child-Pugh grade, Charlson index, alcoholic etiology, etc.), presence of complications (HE, hypoproteinemia/malnutrition, infections, hepatorenal syndrome, ascites, etc.), hospitalizations (multiple hospitalizations, extended hospital stays, ICU admissions), demographic characteristics (advanced age, female, ethnicity) and CDC. Abbreviations: CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; ICU, intensive care unit; CDC, Clostridioides difficile colonization.