Table 2.

General article characteristics and study population. Standard deviation (SD), interquartile range (IQR).

#	Author [ref]	Country	Setting	Follow-up (number of days)	Study participants	Sample size (n)	Age; mean ± SD/median (IQR)	Males; %	Outcome variables
1	Carfì et al. [14]	Italy	Single-centered	60	Patients meeting the following criteria (no fever for 3 consecutive days, improvement in symptoms, and 2 negative test results for SARS-CoV-2 virus 24 h apart)	143	56.5 ± 14.6	62.9%	Quality of life assessment after acute COVID-19, length of hospital stay, Number of persistent symptoms. Fever, fatigue, red eyes, chest pain, cough, anosmia, dysgeusia, myalgia, diarrhea
2	Mandal et al. [16]	London, United Kingdom	Multi-centric (3 hospitals)	45	Patients with abnormal blood tests or imaging at discharge.	384	59.9 ± 16.1	62%	Symptom persistence including breathlessness, cough, fatigue, and, poor sleep quality. Laboratory parameters including TLC, platlet count, Lymphocyte count, D dimers, LFTs, and CRP levels
3	Chopra et al. [21]	United States	Multi-centric (38 hospitals)	60	ICU/Hospitalized COVID-19 patients discharged between 16 March and July 1, 2020 at 38 hospitals.	488	62 (50–72) years	51.8%	Mortality and rehospitalization, Primary care follow-up, New/worsened symptoms, Return to normal activity, Emotional impact, Financial loss/impact
4	El Sayed et al. [17]	Saudi Arabia	Single centered	14	Patients of COVID-19 after 2 consecutive negative PCR tests attending pulmonology clinic for follow-up	200	36.58 ± 9.85	57%	Assessment of fatigue and anhedonia using validated scales.
5	Mahmud et al. [6]	Dhaka, Bangladesh	Single centered	30	Discharged COVID-19 patients	355	39.8 ± 13.4	58.3%	The frequency and interval of a spectrum of post COVID-19 symptoms were assessed. These include post viral fatigue, persistent cough, insomnia, Circadian rhythm sleep disorders, headache, vertigo, Post-exertional dyspnea, rash, pneumonia, restless leg syndrome, chest pain, Adjustment disorder, Nasal blockage, Excessive sweating, Disturbance of memory, New-onset diabetes or hypertension, myalgias, and Precipitation of gout
6	Carvalho-Schneider et al. [28]	France	Single centered	60	Post COVID-19 patients with or without clinical signs of pneumonia but without a need for oxygen therapy (mild/moderate disease)	150	49 ± 15 years	44%	Persisting symptoms at Day 30 and 60 which included Fever, dyspnea, chest pain, abnormal auscultation, flu-like symptoms, digestive disorders, weight loss, anosmia, palpitations, arthralgia, cutaneous rashes
7	Marwa et al. [36]	Egypt	Single centered	14	Patients recovered from COVID-19	287	32.3 ± 8.5	35.8%	Fatigue, anxiety, joint pain, continuous headache, chest pain, dementia, depression, dyspnea, blurred vision, tinnitus, intermittent fever, obsessive compulsive disorder
8	Galván-Tejada et al. [32]	Mexico	Multi centeric	14	Cases: Patients who had a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, and in whom at least fourteen days have passed since the appearance of symptoms. Controls: Patients with no laboratory or clinically proven COVID-19 infection	141 cases and 78 controls. (Total 218)	Means of 39.14 years for females and 39.01 for males respectively	49%	Fever, myalgia, rhinorrhea or coryza, asthenia, cough, cephalgia, red eyes, odynophagia, nausea, vomit or diarrhea, anosmia or dysgeusia, stomach pain or discomfort, dyspnea, chills
9	Moreno-Pérez et al. [18]	Spain	Single centric	98	Hospitalized Patients who had laboratory proven SARS-COV-2	277	56.0 (42.0–67.5)	52.7%	Post- COVID syndrome. These include pneumonia, fatigue, anosmia, dyspnea, persistent cough, headache fever, diarrhea, neurological symptoms, and laboratory features
10	Halpin et al. [22]	United Kingdom	Single centered	30–60	Hospitalized Patients who had laboratory proven SARS-COV-2 and were discharged from hospital	100	For ward patients: 70.5 (20–93) For ICU patients: 58.5 (34–84)	54%	Fatigue, Breathlessness, Neuropsychological symptoms, Speech and swallowing problems, weight loss/gain, bowel/bladder incontinence, Perceived health, quality of life, and Vocation change since COVID‐19 illness.
11	Huang et al. [7]	China	Single centered	186	patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 who were discharged between Jan 7, and May 29, 2020	1733	57·0 (47·0–65·0)	52%	Fatigues, sleeping problems, hairloss, anosmia, palpitations, joint pain, decreased appetite, taste disorder, chest pain, myalgias, rashes, swallowing difficulty, Low grade fever, eGFR, and quality of life
12	Xiong et al. [27]	China	Single centered	90	All COVID-19 survivors who were diagnosed with COVID-19 according to WHO interim guidance and were discharged from the hospital by March 1, 2020	538	52.0 (41.0–62.0) years	45.5%	Fatigue, swelling, myalgias, arthralgia, chills, limb edema, dizziness, chest pain, post activity polypnea, cough sputum, throat pain, palpitations, discontinuous flushing, new onset hypertension, depression, anxiety, and alopecia
13	Tenforde et al. [35]	United States	Single centered	14–21	adults aged ≥18 years who had a first positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, and reported persistence COVID-19 symptoms	270	26% patients aged between 18 and 34 years, 32% aged between 35 and 49 years, and 47% aged ≥50 years	48.14%	Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among COVID-19 patients were evaluated. The outcome variables included age, comorbids, ethinicity, gender
14	Taquet et al. [24]	United States	Multicentric, electronic records	14–90 days	Discharged COVID-19 patients with no previous psychiatric illness	44,779	49.3 (19.2)<	45.1%	New onset psychiatric illness disorders psychotic, insomnia, mood disorders (depressive episodes) anxiety disorders (PTSD, panic disorder, adjustment disorder and generalized anxiety disorder).
15	Townsend et al. [15]	Ireland	Single centered, outpatient clinic	56–84	Mild, moderate Symptomatic patients and Hospitalized patients	128	49.5 ± 15 years	46.1%	Persistent fatigue
16	Garrigues et al. [37]	France	Single centered	110	Discharged COVID-19 patients who were Hospitalized in ward or ICU	120	63.2 (15.7) years	62.5%	Cough, chest pain, fatigue, dyspnea, ageusia, anosmia, hair loss, attention disorder, memory loss, sleep disorder
17	Horvath et al. [38]	Australia	Multicentric, computed records	83	Discharged COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate disease intensity	102	45 (17–87) years	40%	Smell reduction, taste change, cough, fever, headaches, worsening nasal blockage, runny nose, fatigue, sore throat.
18	Arnold et al. [39]	United Kingdom	Single centered	28	patients (≥18years of age) admitted with COVID-1	110	60 (46–73) years	56%	Fever, cough arthralgia, myalgias, chest pain, anosmia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, insomnia, deranged blood tests, spirometry and chest C ray
19	Osikomaiya et al. [40]	Nigeria	Multi- centered	14	Discharged COVID-19 patients who were Hospitalized in ward or ICU	274	41.8 ± 11.8 years	66.1%	Fever, fatigue, weight loss, malaise, cough, dyspnea, chest pain, anosmia, loss of appetite, dizziness, palpitations, insomnia vertigo, dysgeusia
20	Leth et al. [41]	Denmark	Single centered	84	Hospitalized COVID-19 that were discharged after negative PCR	71 patients	58 (48–73)	43%	Difficulty in concentration, paresthesia's, headache, anosmia, taste impairment, cough dyspnea, expectoration, sore throat,
21	Sudre et al. [23]	United Kingdom	Multi-center	90	Mobile health app users with PCR positive COVID-19 patients/negative matched controls	4182	44 (28, 56)	28.5%	Number of symptoms, duration of symptoms, quality of life,