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. 2022 Jun 15. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.06.011

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© 2022 The Authors

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Comparison between part A: COVID-19 positive (pos) and COVID-19 negative (neg) participants (Task 1), part B: symptomatic COVID-19 positive (pos₊) and symptomatic COVID-19 negative (neg₊) participants (Task 2), and part C: asymptomatic COVID-19 positive (pos_–) and asymptomatic COVID-19 negative (neg_–) participants (Task 3) by means of the probability density estimate (PDE) of the top one feature of the respective differentiation task. MFCC, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient; RMS, root mean square; *, real measurement unit does not exist as feature values refer to the amplitude of the digital audio signal.