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. 2022 Jun 14;12:9149. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13539-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Scheme for 2D pattern extraction. (a) The 3D models of enamel–dentine junction. The three-dimensional surface models derived from µCT data were visualized by an in-house program, ForMATit, developed by N.M. [MATLAB-based (MathWorks, Version R2021b, https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html)]. (b) Morphometric maps of the height from the cervical plane in UM and LM. (c) Binarized image at 50% of total height. White regions are above the threshold. Top and bottom panels show UM and LM, respectively. m mesial, d distal, b buccal, l lingual. (d) A dimensionless index calculated as area/squared perimeter is used to distinguish between stripe and spot patterns. Significant differences between UM and LM were detected (the number of samples, n = 10 for each of UM and LM; the probability of null hypothesis by Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.001) at 40–60% of the total height from the cervical plane. The mean and standard deviation at each threshold level are indicated with a polygonal line and whisker, respectively. The asterisk indicates the threshold at the 50% level where binarized images of (d) are derived. The black line indicates a constant in the case of circle (1/4π).