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. 2022 Jun 14;12:9149. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13539-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Simulation of molar morphogenesis. The parameters for UM that make stripe patterns are the following: (a) f_u = 0.4, f_v = − 1, q = 0, c = 1, g_u = 0.4, g_v = − 0.44, d_u = 0.006, d_v = 0.06. The parameters for LM that make spot patterns are the following: (b) f_u = 0.2, f_v = − 0.6, q = 0.45, c = 0.6, g_u = 0.2, g_v = − 0.32, d_u = 0.006, d_v = 0.06. The 2D images of stripe and spot patterns are formed after letting the system settle from an initially random configuration under the above parameter sets. Simulated concentration of activator (u) is represented in 3D at E 14.5, E 16.5, and E. 18.5. The final plain colormaps are also shown at E 18.5. The unit of x and y axis is in mm. m mesial, d distal, b buccal, l lingual.