Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics, details of the interventions, and the outcomes of the included studies (n = 20)
| Study | Participants | Type of stretching | Type of foam rolling | Intervention duration per muscle group | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smith et al. (2018) | N = 29 sedentary to physically active males and females (age = 22 ± 3) | Dynamic | Non-vibration | 90 s for foam rolling/dynamic stretching, duration per muscle group not clear | Sit and Reach |
| Behara and Jacobson (2017) | N = 12 well trained male Division 1 offensive lineman (age 20.0 ± 1.41) | Dynamic | Non-vibration | 60 s for foam rolling/dynamic stretching, duration per muscle group not clear | Hip flexion ROM |
| Su et al. (2017) | N = 30 physically active males and females (21.43 ± 1.5) | Static dynamic | Non-vibration | 90 s foam rolling and static stretching; 180 s dynamic stretching | Sit-and-reach modified Thomas Test |
| Fairall et al. (2017) | N = 12 male amateur softball players (age 36.92 ± 11.17) | Static | Non-vibration | 120 s stretching; 180 s foam rolling | Glenohumeral internal rotation ROM |
| Škarabot et al. (2015) | N = 11 highly trained male and female swimmers (age 15.3 ± 1) | Static | Non-vibration | 90 s | Weight-bearing lunge test |
| Lee et al. (2018) | N = 30 male college students (age 20.4 ± 1.2) | Static | Vibration non-vibration | 90 s | Leg extension ROM leg flexion ROM |
| Lyu et al. (2020) | N = 20 male recreational active (age 21 ± 1.01) | Static | Vibration | 90 s | Ankle dorsiflexion ROM |
| Folli et al. (2021) | N = 29 male and female healthy athletes (age 16 ± 1.23) | Static | Non-vibration | 60 s | Sit-and-reach |
| Penichet-Tomas et al. (2021) | N = 8 male well trained rowers (24.8 ± 3.8) | Static | Non-vibration | 90 s | Sit-and-reach |
| Lopez-Samanes et al. (2021) | N = 11 elite male tennis players (age 20.64 ± 3.56) | Dynamic | Non-vibration | 60 s for foam rolling/dynamic stretching seconds per muscle group not clear | Straight leg raise test |
| Connolly et al. (2020) | N = 40 males and females (activity level not stated) (males age 22.5 ± 1.8; Females age 23.6 ± 4.2) | Static | Non-vibration | 60 s | Hip abduction ROM |
| Zaky et al. (2021) | N = 20 elite female handball players (age 22.83 ± 1.52) | Dynamic | Non-vibration | 60 s for foam rolling/dynamic stretching seconds per muscle group not clear | Shoulder flexion ROM shoulder extension ROM Shoulder internal rotation ROM Shoulder external rotation ROM |
| Krause et al. (2018) | N = 16 males and females (activity level not stated) (males age 31.2 ± 4.8; Females age 33.5 ± 5.6) | Static | Non-vibration | 120 s | Active knee flexion passive knee flexion |
| Sagiroglu et al. (2017) | N = 16 male well trained combat athletes (age 23.9 ± 3.70) | Static | Non-vibration | 60 s | Sit-and-reach |
| Halperin et al. (2014) | N = 14 male and female recreational active (males age 23 ± 4; Females age 22 ± 3) | Static | Non-vibration | 90 s | Weight-bearing lunge test |
| Monteiro et al. (2018) | N = 12 male and female recreational active (age 27.88 ± 3.23) | Static PNF | non-vibration | 60 s or 120 s | Shoulder flexion ROM Shoulder extension ROM |
| Somers et al. (2020) | N = 28 male and female physically active (Age foam rolling group 26.07 ± 4.83; Age stretching group 26.86 ± 4.75) | Dynamic | Non-vibration | 120 s | Weight-bearing lunge test |
| Smith et al. (2019) | N = 33 males and females (activity level not stated) (males age 21.7 ± 1.7; females age 21.3 ± 2.0) | Static | Non-vibration | 90 s | Ankle dorsiflexion ROM |
| Pepper et al. (2021) | N = 20 males and females (activity level not stated) (Age foam rolling group 27.1 ± 6.5; Age stretching group 26.7 ± 8.6) | PNF | Non-vibration | 60 s | Hip adduction ROM |
| Mohr et al. (2014) | N = 20 recreational active (gender not stated) (Age foam rolling group 21.00 ± 2.21; Age stretching group 21.2 ± 2.44) | Static | Non-vibration | 180 s | Straight leg raise test |
PNF proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, ROM range of motion