Table 1.

Definitions of cardiogenic shock

ESC Guidelines [19]	SHOCK trial [14]	IABP-SHOCK II trial [33]	CULPRIT-SHOCK Trial [78]	IMPRESS Trial [26]	SCAI [6]
Clinical criteria
SBP < 90 mmHg despite adequate volume AND Clinical hypoperfusion: • Oliguria • Cold extremities • Mental confusion • Narrow pulse pressure OR Laboratory hypoperfusion: • Elevated serum lactate • Elevated serum creatinine • Metabolic acidosis	SBP < 90 mmHg for ≥ 30 min OR SBP ≥ 90 mmHg with support AND Evidence of hypoperfusion: urine output < 30 ml/h cold extremities	SBP < 90 mmHg for ≥ 30 min OR SBP > 90 mmHg with catecholamines AND clinical pulmonary congestion AND • Impaired end-organ perfusion (≥ 1): • Altered mental status • Cold/clammy skin and extremities • Urine output < 30 ml/h • Serum lactate levels > 2 mmol/L	SBP ≤ 90 mmHg for > 30 min OR Catecholamines required to maintain SBP > 90 mmHg AND Pulmonary congestion AND • Impaired end-organ perfusion (≥ 1): • Altered mental status • Cold/clammy skin and extremities • Urine output < 30 ml/h • Serum lactate levels > 2 mmol/L	SBP ≤ 90 mmHg for > 30 min OR SBP > 90 mmHg with vasopressors/inotropes	SBP < 90 mmHg or MAP < 60 mmHg OR SBP drop > 30 mmHg OR Inotropy/support to maintain SBP ≥ 90 mmHg or MAP ≥ 60 mmHg • Volume overload • Extensive rales • Killip class 3 or 4 • BiPap or mechanical ventilation • Cold, clammy acute alteration in mental status • Urine output < 30 mL/h • Lactate ≥ 2 • Creatinine doubling or > 50% drop in GFR • Increased LFTs • Elevated BNP
Haemodynamic criteria
	• CI < 2.2 L/min/m2 AND • PCWP > 15 mmHg				• CI < 2.2 L/min/m2 • PCWP > 15 mmHg • RAP/PCWP ≥ 0.8 • PAPI < 1.85 • Cardiac power output ≤ 0.6