Table 3.
Ischemic heart disease and further applications of non-invasive myocardial work
| Author | Title | Year | Journal | Number of patients | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boe et al. | Non-invasive myocardial work index identifies acute coronary occlusion in patients with non-ST-segment elevation-acute coronary syndrome | 2015 | European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging | 150 | Deteriorated MWI in patients with NSTEMI detects acute coronary occlusion superior to all other parameters |
| Edwards et al. | Global myocardial work is superior to global longitudinal strain to predict significant coronary artery disease in patients with normal left ventricular function and wall motion | 2019 | Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography | 115 | Non-invasive global MW at rest is better than GLS at identifying significant CAD in patients with no regional wall motion abnormalities and preserved LVEF |
| El Mahdiui et al. | Global left ventricular myocardial work efficiency in healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular disease | 2019 | Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography | 120 | Global LV myocardial work efficiency is significantly reduced in patients after myocardial infarction or with HFrEF |
| Przewlocka-Kosmala et al. | Usefulness of myocardial work measurement in the assessment of left ventricular systolic reserve response to spironolactone in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction | 2019 | European Heart Journal | 114 | GCW is a better determinant of exercise capacity in HFpEF than GLS |
| Galli et al. | Myocardial constructive work is impaired in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and predicts left ventricular fibrosis | 2019 | Ecocardiography | 102 | In contrast to LVEF, GCW is significantly reduced in HCM and is associated with LV fibrosis |
| Chan et al. |
A new approach to assess myocardial work by non-invasive left ventricular pressure–strain relations in hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy |
2019 | European Heart Journal | 74 | Non-invasive MW assessment leads to better comprehension of the interaction between LV remodeling and increased wall stress under different loading conditions |
| Schrub et al. | Myocardial work is a predictor of exercise tolerance in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dyssynchrony | 2020 | The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging | 51 | Septal work efficiency is the only predictor of exercise capacity in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dyssynchrony |
| Clemmensen et al. | Left ventricular pressure-strain–derived myocardial work at rest and during exercise in patients with cardiac amyloidosis | 2020 | Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography | 155 | Patients with cardiac amyloidosis have a significant reduction in GWI and GWE compared to healthy controls |
| Clemmensen et al. | Prognostic implications of left ventricular myocardial work indices in cardiac amyloidosis | 2020 | European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging | 100 | In patients with cardiac amyloidosis, GWI and apical-to-basal segmental work ratio can better predict MACE and all-cause mortality than other echocardiographic parameters |
| Monsour et al. | Value of myocardial work for assessment of myocardial adaptation to increased afterload in patients with high blood pressure at peak exercise | 2020 | The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging | 81 | In patients with high blood pressure at peak exercise, GWI, GCW, and GWW increased significantly while GWE remained constant |
| Papadopoulos et al. | MitraClip and left ventricular reverse remodeling: a strain imaging study | 2020 | ESC Heart Failure | 86 | Preserved GLS and GCW values appear to be associated with LV reverse remodeling post intervention |
| Bouali et al. | Prognostic usefulness of myocardial work in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction treated with sacubitril/valsartan | 2020 | The American Journal of Cardiology | 79 | Sacubitril/valsartan therapy is associated with a significant improvement in CW and WE. Assessment of CW before treatment can predict MACEs |
| Gonçovales et al. | Myocardial improvement after sacubitril/valsartan therapy: a new echocardiographic parameter for a new treatment | 2020 | Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine | 42 | Treatment with sacubitril/valsartan is related with an increase in global CW and WE as well as with reverse remodeling |
| Hedwig et al. | Global Work Index correlates with established prognostic parameters of heart failure | 2020 | Echocardiography | 51 | GWI correlates with known prognostic markers of heart failure |
| Wang et al. | Incremental prognostic value of global myocardial work over ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction | 2020 | European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging | 508 | GMW is a better prognosticator than LVEF and GLS in HFrEF |
| Tomoaia et al. | Global work index by non-invasive pressure-strain loops: a novel parameter to assess left ventricular performance in the early stages of heart failure with preserved or mid-range ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction | 2021 | Medical Ultrasonography | 49 | Non-invasive myocardial work estimation delivers further information about LV function in contrast to LVEF and GLS in patients after acute myocardial infarction at early stages of HFpEF/HFmrEF |
MWI myocardial work index, CAD coronary artery disease, HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, WE myocardial work efficiency, MACEs major adverse cardiac events, GCW global constructive myocardial work, HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, GLS global longitudinal strain, CW constructive work, GWI global myocardial work index, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, MW myocardial work, GWE global myocardial work efficiency, GWW global myocardial wasted work