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. 2022 Jun 14;13:3432. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31171-0

Fig. 5. ECN-pE(C/A)2 modulates intestinal flora during IBD treatment.

Fig. 5

a C57BL/6 mice were fed water containing several antibiotics (metronidazole, neomycin, vancomycin, and ampicillin) for 5 days and then switched to drinking water containing 3% DSS for 6 days. Then, the mice were treated with PBS, ECN(C/A)2, ECN-pE(C/A)2 or ECN-pE (1 × 108 CFU) on days 0, 2, 4, and 6. b The body weight of mice during the treatment. c Photographs and (d) corresponding quantified lengths of colons harvested from mice 9 days after different treatments. Scale bar: 2 cm. e Representative H&E staining images of colon tissues harvested on day 9 after different treatments from five biologically independent animals in each group. Scale bar: 200 μm. f The DAI of mice during the treatment. g The MPO activity of colons after treatment. h Observed OTUs and (i) Shannon index of gut microbiota in mice after different treatments. OTUs operational taxonomic units. j Relative abundance of gut microbes at the phylum and family levels in mice. k Heatmap illustration of gut microbial distribution at the genus level. Relative abundance of Escherichia–Shigella (l), Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 (m), and Odoribacter (n) collected from k. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM (n = 5 biologically independent samples for (b, d, f, and g), n = 7 biologically independent samples for (h–n)). Statistical analysis was evaluated with two-tailed Student’s t tests (*P  < 0.05, **P  < 0.01, ***P  <  0.001, and ****P  <  0.0001). DSS dextran sodium sulfate. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.