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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2021 Dec 15;163(9):1740–1750. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002557

Table 1.

Weighted Pearson correlation matrix for country-level variables.

Gini GNI Education TLFP QoG HE%GDP LE GII Pop Density
Gini1
GNI2 −0.12
Education3 0.14 0.49
TLFP4 0.13 −0.14 −0.20
QoG5 0.23 0.78 0.51 −0.21
HE%GDP6 0.37 0.57 0.50 0.09 0.70
LE7 0.03 0.58 0.48 −0.34 0.58 0.34
GII8 −0.01 −0.72 −0.74 −0.08 −0.71 −0.62 −0.69
Pop Density9 −0.36 −0.23 −0.29 −0.16 −0.35 −0.53 −0.01 0.39
Country Region
  Europe −0.30 0.54 0.65 −0.29 0.43 0.45 0.40 −0.66 −0.27
  Africa 0.15 −0.17 −0.25 0.42 −0.09 0.07 −0.75 0.29 −0.23
  Americas 0.70 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.24 0.44 0.35 −0.10 −0.29
  SE Asia −0.29 −0.27 −0.32 −0.01 −0.32 −0.45 −0.12 0.44 0.72
  W Pacific 0.09 −0.11 0.12 0.25 −0.03 −0.17 0.18 −0.23 0.02
  E Medi −0.26 −0.11 −0.30 −0.40 −0.26 −0.37 −0.09 0.24 −0.06

Note. All correlations are significant at p<0.001.

1

Gini Index,

2

Gross National Income in current U.S. dollars, per capita,

3

Average years of education (25+ years old),

4

Total Labour Force Participation,

5

Quality of Government Index,

6

Health Expenditure (%GDP),

7

Life Expectancy from birth,

8

Gender Inequality Index,

9

Population density (per sq. km).