Table 1.

Comparison of fabrication methods for thermally conductive graphene/polymer composites

Methods	Advantages	Disadvantages	Materials	Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)	Filler loading	References
Solution mixing	Simple preparation process	Organic solvents are needed	GNP/PVA	13.4	10 wt%	[92]
	Low processing temperature	Aggregation of graphene sheets	GO/SR	0.34	0.1 wt%	[108]
	Easy incorporation of functional components		GNP/PVB	4.521	30 wt%	[109]
			Graphene/PE	1.84	10 wt%	[110]
			Graphene/PP	1.53	10 wt%	[110]
			Graphene/PVA	1.43	10 wt%	[110]
			Graphene/PVDF	1.47	10 wt%	[110]
			Graphene/BE	0.542	1.45 vol%	[111]
			GO-PDA/PS	4.56	0.96 vol%	[112]
Melt mixing	High productivity	High processing temperature	GNP/PC	1.13	20 wt%	[97]
	Simple preparation process	Decomposition of functional components
		Restricted to thermoplastic materials	RGO/PA	5.1	5 wt%	[113]
		Aggregation of graphene sheets	GNP/PC	7.3	20 wt%	[50]
In-situ polymerization	Lower contact thermal resistance between graphene and polymer	Complex preparation process	Graphene/PA6	0.416	10 wt%	[14]
		Limited productivity	Graphene-MLG /Epoxy	5.1	10 vol%	[63]
			Graphene-GO/PA6	2.14	10 wt%	[90]
			f-G/PDMS	0.761	2 wt%	[114]
			GNPs/Epoxy	1.5	2.8 vol%	[51]
			GNP/PCBT	2.49	30 wt%	[88]
Pre-constructing 3D networks	Capability in fabricating highly conductive composites with ultralow filler content	Complex preparation process	GHF/Epoxy	35.5	19.0 vol%	[41]
	Uniform filler dispersion	Relatively high processing costs	DAGF/Epoxy	62.4	13.3 vol%	[115]
	Efficient control of distribution/alignment of fillers		GA/Epoxy	20	2.30 vol%	[70]
	Composites with novel performances can be fabricated		GNPs/GF/NR	10.64	5.78 vol%	[75]
			VAIGN/Epoxy	2.13	0.92 vol%	[60]
			GWFs/PI	3.73	12 wt%	[116]
			MGF/GF/PDMS	1.08	2.7 vol%	[28]
			GF/mGNPs/PVDF	6.32	9.07 vol%	[117]
			c-GA/MF/PEG	1.32	4.6 wt%	[118]
			Graphene/PA6	0.69	0.25 wt%	[119]
			GA/Epoxy	2.69	1.11 vol%	[120]
			GNPs/RGO/Epoxy	1.56	21.4 wt%	[9]
			GF/Epoxy	8.04	6.8 wt%	[121]

SR silicone rubber, PVB polyvinyl butyral, PE polyethylene, BE Bio-based polyester, PC polycarbonate, PA polyamide, MLG multilayer graphene, f-G functionalized grapheme, PCBT poly-cyclic-butylene terephthalate, GHF graphene hybrid foam, DAGF dual assembled graphene framework, VAIGN vertically aligned and interconnected graphene network, GWF graphene woven fabric, MGF multilayer graphene flake, mGNP modified graphene nanoplatelet, c-GA carbonized graphene aerogel