Fig. 4.

Electrochemical performance of full Zn-ion cells. a Representative CV curves of full cells of nanoporous Zn_xCu_y/Zn//K_zMnO₂, nanoporous Zn//K_zMnO₂ and bulk Zn//K_zMnO₂. Scan rate: 0.1 mV s^‒1. b Representative charge/discharge voltage profiles of nanoporous Zn_xCu_y/Zn//K_zMnO₂, nanoporous Zn//K_zMnO₂ and bulk Zn//K_zMnO₂ full cells at the specific current of 0.1 A g^‒1 (based on the loading mass of electroactive K_zMnO₂ at the cathode). c EIS spectra of nanoporous Zn_xCu_y/Zn//K_zMnO₂, nanoporous Zn//K_zMnO₂ and bulk Zn//K_zMnO₂ full cells. d Comparisons of rate performance and coulombic efficiency for nanoporous Zn_xCu_y/Zn//K_zMnO₂, nanoporous Zn//K_zMnO₂ and bulk Zn//K_zMnO₂ full cells, where are performed at various specific currents from 0.1 to 5 A g^‒1. e Capacity retentions and coulombic efficiencies of nanoporous Zn_xCu_y/Zn//K_zMnO₂, nanoporous Zn//K_zMnO₂ and bulk Zn//K_zMnO₂ full cells in a long-term charge/discharge cycling measurements at the specific current of 0.2 A g^‒1