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. 2022 Jun 1;9:918789. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.918789

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Copyright © 2022 Gonzalez-Avila, Sommer, García-Hernandez, Ramos and Flores-Soto.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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MMPs’ and diagnostic biosensors. MMPs’ substrates have been incorporated in nanoprobes to quantify MMPs’ enzymatic activity. (A) This panel shows a nanocarrier involved in the quantification of MMPs’ enzymatic activity through a Fenton’s reaction in which gelatin is used as MMP-2/MMP-9 substrate. (B) Peptides degradable by MMPs can be used as a bridge between an energy donor (QDs) and as an energy acceptor (BHQ-1) to turn off fluorescence emission until the peptide is cleaved by an MMP. (C) MMP cleavable peptides can be directly linked to fluorescent NPs (AuNCs and UCPs) and NMs employed with quencher functions (GO and AuNCs). Abbreviations: AuNCs, gold nanoclusters; BHQ-1, black hole quencher-1; CNPs, carbon nanoparticles; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NMs, nanomaterials; NPs, nanoparticles; QDs, quantum dots; UCPs, upconversion phosphors.