TABLE 4.
Table MMPs’ inhibitors used in cancer treatment.
| MMPI type | MMPI | MMP | Cancer application | Side effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peptidomimetic inhibitors | Marimastat (BB-2516) (hydroxamate) | MMP-1 MMP-2 MMP-7 MMP-9 MMP-14 | Breast, lung and pancreatic cancer | MSS, GID |
| Batimastat (BB-94) (hydroxamate) | MMP-1 MMP-2 MMP-3 MMP-7 MMP-9 | Malignant ascites, malignant effusion | MSS, GID | |
| Non-peptidomimetic inhibitors | CGS-27023A (MMI-270) | MMP-1 MMP-2 MMP-3 MMP-8 MMP-9 | Advanced colorectal cancer, NSCLC | Arthralgias, myalgias, skin rashes |
| Rebimastat (BMS-275291) | MMP-1 MMP-2 MMP-8 MMP-14 | NSCLC, breast, prostate, HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma | Hypersensitivity, dermatologic events, myalgias, muscle, inflammation | |
| Tanomastat (Bay 12–9576 | MMP-2 MMP-3 MMP-8 MMP-9 MMP-13 MMP-14 | Pancreas, ovarian, lung cancer | GID, thrombocytopenia, anemia, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperbilirubinemia | |
| Prinomastat (AG3340) | MMP-2 MMP-3 MMP-7 MMP-9 MMP-13 MMP-14 | NSCLC, prostate, glioblastoma, esophageal, breast, melanoma | Musculoskeletal, hematologic, GID, venous thromboembolism | |
| Chemical modified tetracyclines | Metastat (CMT3, COL-3 | MMP-1 MMP-2 MMP-8 MMP-9 MMP-13 | HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma, brain and central nervous system tumors, prostate | Disease stabilization but non-response |
| Minocin (minocycline) | MMP-2 MMP-9 | Glioma, prostate | NA | |
| Periostat (doxycycline) | MMP-1 MMP-2 MMP-8 MMP-9 | T-cell, Hodgkin, and B-cell lymphomas, breast, renal cell carcinoma | NA | |
| Thiirane-based slow inhibitors | SB-3CT (compound 40) | MMP-2 MMP-9 | T-cell lymphoma and prostate cancer models | NA |
| ND-322 | MMP-2 MMP-14 | Melanoma in vitro assays | NA | |
| Small sMMPIs | S3304 (sulfonamide derivative) | MMP-2 MMP-9 | Solid tumors, NSCLC | NA |
| Disulfiram (Antabuse) (sulfonamide) | MMP-2 MMP-9 | NSCLC, pancreatic, glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate, refractory solid tumors | NA | |
| Off-target MMPI | Zoledronic acid (bisphosphonate) | MMP-2 MMP-9 MMP-14 MMP-15 | Breast | NA |
| Letrozole (non-steroidal hormone | MMP-2, MMP-9 | Breast | NA | |
| Natural MMPI | Neovastat AE941 (shark cartilage extract) | MMP-1 MMP-2 MMP-7 MMP-9 MMP-12 MMP-13 | Refractory multiple myeloma, colorectal, breast, renal cancer carcinoma | NA, non-response |
| Genistein (soya isoflavone) | MMP-2 MMP-9 | Breast, pancreatic, prostate | NA | |
| Monoclonal antibodies | Single-chain fragment variables | MMP-1 MMP-2 MMP-3 | Breast | NA |
| Andecaliximab (GS-5745) | MMP-9 | Gastric, breast, pancreatic, colorectal, esophageal, NSCLC | Nausea, pain, neutropenia, GID | |
| AB0041, AB0046 | MMP-9 | Colorectal | NA | |
| DX-2400 | MMP-14 | Fibrosarcoma, breast, melanoma | NA |
GID, gastrointestinal disorders; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MSS, musculoskeletal syndrome; NA, not available; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.