FIGURE 1.

Exosome Biogenesis: Exosomes biogenesis is a complex process and can be conducted in an ESCRT-dependent and -independent manner. The internalisation of the plasma membrane initiates the formation of exosomes by endocytosis. The fusion of early endosomes results in the production of multivesicular bodies. Upon maturation, MVBs are directed to the plasma membrane via a tightly Rab GTPase dependent multistep process where they undergo a SNARE-mediated plasma membrane fusion event followed by secretion into the extracellular space.