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. 2022 Jun 1;10:853451. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.853451

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Copyright © 2022 Burtenshaw, Regan, Owen, Collins, McEneaney, Megson, Redmond and Cahill.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram of key steps/approaches for measuring exosome for the prediction of CVD. (A) Magnetic microbeads coated with specific antibodies enabled exosome isolation and addition of guanidine-based lysis buffer released the contents of enriched exosomes. Torque-actuated valves and permanent magnets were used to control the process. RNA is adsorbed on a glass-bead filter via electrostatic interactions and reagents are loaded to prepare for qPCR. (B) Images from scanning electron microscope of exosomes captured on antibody-coated magnetic microbeads. Scale bars 500 and 100 nm (inset) (C) Photograph of PDMS iMER cartridge. RT—Reverse transcription (Shao et al., 2015). Source: Reprinted in its original form under CC BY license. License access: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.