Fig. 1.

Biofilmsareobservedacrossinfectiontypes.(A-C) Representative projections of confocal images of sputum samples of CAP with no detected pathogen (A), COPD with Moraxella sp. (B) and CF with Pseudomonasaeruginosa (C). Specimens were stained with Tamra-5 (red) using PNA -FISH probes specific to bacterial 16S rRNA and DAPI m (blue). Scale bar is 10 μm. [11]. (D) Representative scanning electronmicrographs of GAS biofilm and non biofilm single-cocci are as in patient biopsies. The boxed area (i) is shown in larger magnification (× 10,000) to visualize the biofilm community [38].