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. 2022 Jun 1;13:923232. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.923232

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Wang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characterization of exosome gDNA. The short double-stranded DNA is cfDNA and the long double-stranded DNA is gDNA. DNA can be enclosed within exosome, attached to the outer surface of exosome or enclosed and attached to the outer surface of exosome.