Fig. 2.

A cross-talk between endosomal-derived Exo biogenesis and the autophagy process in favor of pain management. Exo are synthesized via entering into the lumen of early endosomes and MVBs. Rab GTPase family (e.g., Rab-11, −27, −35) and SNARE are mainly involved in Exo development and membrane fusions, respectively. Final fusion of autophagosomes with MVBs can lead to the formation of amphisomes encompassing Exo-autophagic cargos, exiting the cell through exocytosis. Abbreviations: (SNARE) Exosomes: Exo; Multivesicular Bodies: MVBs; Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptors: SNARE.